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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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A continental record of the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) from the Mercia Mudstone Group (UK): palynology and climatic implications
Norian vegetation history and related environmental changes: New data from the Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, SW USA)
Integrated stratigraphy and palaeoclimate history of the Carnian Pluvial Event in the Boreal realm; new data from the Upper Triassic Kapp Toscana Group in central Spitsbergen (Norway)
Evidence for atmospheric carbon injection during the end-Permian extinction
Palynostratigraphy and vegetation history of the Triassic–Jurassic transition in East Greenland
Vegetation history, diversity patterns, and climate change across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary
Milankovitch-scale palynological turnover across the Triassic–Jurassic transition at St. Audrie's Bay, SW UK
Abstract We document palynofloral trends through the Triassic in the Germanic and Alpine facies with an emphasis on diversity trends and possibly related palaeoenvironmental changes. As a first order approximation of palynofloral diversity, we used the range through method of the software package PAST based on a range chart compiled from several Triassic palynological studies and reviews. Our analysis suggests that during the entire Triassic the diversity of plants producing spores was largely controlled by the availability of water, while diversity among gymnosperms was also affected by other environmental and biotic factors. In general, palynofloral diversity declines by some 50% between the early Carnian and the Norian, mainly as a result of a decrease in the number of pollen species. This is the second most severe loss in pollen species after the Permian–Triassic biotic crisis. In comparison to the marked palynofloral turnover at the Permian–Triassic transition and the end-Carnian decrease in palynofloral diversity, the end-Triassic biotic crisis appears to have little affected palynofloral species diversity in Europe. A study of the palynostratigraphy of NW Europe recognizes nine zones (and nine subzones) that encompass the Triassic, most of which have their boundaries based on the first occurrences of marker species. The palynostratigraphic zones and subzones in Europe are correlated to the marine Triassic stages based on various data, including numerous palynological records in marine Alpine Triassic strata.
Using Fossil Leaves for the Reconstruction of Cenozoic Paleoatmospheric CO 2 Concentrations
Abstract In the present contribution, we address the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon-dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration on different timescales, from long-term trends through the Cenozoic to short-term variations in the recent past. The inverse relationship between stomatal frequency of angiosperm leaves and the CO 2 concentration of the ambient air is used as a robust method for quantifying paleoatmospheric CO 2 levels. Short-term, century-scaled CO 2 fluctuations are reflected in the stomatal frequency pattern of early Holocene birch leaves. Changes in paleoatmospheric CO 2 correlate with major environmental and climatic changes, indicated in the terrestrial palynological record and by δ 18 O fluctuations in polar ice. Further evidence for significant perturbations in the global carbon cycle during the early Holocene is revealed by concomitant changes in atmospheric radiocarbon ( 14 C) content. Warm climatic phases during the Cenozoic represent a particularly challenging test of our understanding of stomatal frequency response to past CO 2 concentrations. The principal question is whether an enhanced greenhouse effect was responsible for these periods of increased global temperature. The data available so far indicate that during the late Neogene, when the temperature was significantly increased for the last time in the geological history, the paleoatmospheric CO 2 concentration was close to the present level of about 360 parts per million volume (ppmv). During the peak warmth of the early middle Eocene, however, paleoatmospheric CO 2 concentration was significantly elevated, to about 500 ppmv.