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NARROW
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Article Type
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Publisher
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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North Africa
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Morocco (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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olivine (1)
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sheet silicates
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cronstedtite (1)
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Primary terms
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Africa
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North Africa
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Morocco (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Isua Belt (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia (1)
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carbon (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata (1)
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conservation (1)
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construction materials
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cement materials (1)
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diagenesis (2)
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Europe
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Alps (1)
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Lower Saxony Germany (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Corsica (1)
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Mesozoic
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Jurassic
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Posidonia Shale (1)
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metals
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iron (1)
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rare earths (1)
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marbles (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (1)
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metamorphism (2)
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orogeny (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Mississippian
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Barnett Shale (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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shale gas (1)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Warrawoona Group (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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shale (1)
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sedimentation (1)
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silicon (1)
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spectroscopy (1)
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United States
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Texas (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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shale (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Book Series
Date
Availability
Time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopy of synthetic REE-doped hydroxylapatites and natural apatites Available to Purchase
Oxidative conditions can lead to exceptional preservation through phosphatization Open Access
Oil retention and porosity evolution in organic-rich shales Available to Purchase
Advanced Synchrotron Characterization of Paleontological Specimens Available to Purchase
Mineralogical evolution of Fe–Si-rich layers at the olivine-water interface during carbonation reactions Available to Purchase
Graphitic Carbons and Biosignatures Available to Purchase
FIB-SEM and TEM Investigations of an Organic-rich Shale Maturation Series from the Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale, Germany: Nanoscale Pore System and Fluid-rock Interactions Available to Purchase
Abstract Although shale gas systems constitute a new target for commercial hydrocarbon production, only a little attention has been paid to the evolution of these unconventional systems with increasing thermal maturation. This study reports the characterization of samples of the Lower Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) Posidonia Shale from northern Germany at varying levels of thermal maturity. Observations were made using an original combination of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The paper documents the formation of microfracture-filling bitumen in close assotiation with kerogen residues with increasing maturity. Porosity evolves from mostly submicrometric interparticle pores in immature samples to intramineral and intraorganic pores in overmature (gas mature) samples. This intraorganic nanoporosity has most likely come about by the exsolution of gaseous hydrocarbon and been hydrocarbon wet during the thermal maturation processes. Although FIB-SEM and TEM images are small compared to field size, this study emphasizes the need for nanoscale imaging to better constrain hydrocarbon generation processes in gas shale systems.