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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Southern Africa
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Altiplano (3)
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Asia
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Middle East
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Iran (1)
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Turkey
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Zagros (1)
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Cascadia subduction zone (1)
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Central America
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Costa Rica
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Irazu (1)
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North America
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Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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North Pacific
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geochronology methods
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minerals
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apatite (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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pyroxene group
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orthopyroxene (1)
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Primary terms
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Africa
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Southern Africa
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Asia
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Middle East
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Iran (1)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (3)
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East Anatolian Fault (1)
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Taurus Mountains (2)
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Zagros (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary (1)
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Central America
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Costa Rica
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crust (7)
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deformation (3)
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ocean floors (1)
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orogeny (2)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gorda Rise (1)
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Southeast Pacific
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Nazca Ridge (1)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gorda Rise (1)
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South Pacific
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Southeast Pacific
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Nazca Ridge (1)
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plate tectonics (9)
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South America
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Andes
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Argentina (1)
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Bolivia (3)
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Chile (1)
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Peru (1)
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structural analysis (1)
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structural geology (1)
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tectonics (2)
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United States
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Arizona
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Pima County Arizona
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Tucson Arizona (1)
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California
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Northern California (1)
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Southern California (1)
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Colorado Plateau (1)
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Sevier orogenic belt (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Wasatch Range (1)
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Utah
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Davis County Utah (1)
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Morgan County Utah (1)
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Weber County Utah (1)
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Earthquake‐Triggered Crustal Shear Velocity Change at the Erupting Turrialba Volcano
Breaking plates: Creation of the East Anatolian fault, the Anatolian plate, and a tectonic escape system
Seismic attenuation tomography of the Sn phase beneath the Turkish-Iranian Plateau and the Zagros mountain belt
Preface to the Focus Section on Subduction Zone Processes in the Americas
Subduction termination through progressive slab deformation across Eastern Mediterranean subduction zones from updated P-wave tomography beneath Anatolia
Structure of the crust and African slab beneath the central Anatolian plateau from receiver functions: New insights on isostatic compensation and slab dynamics
The effects of subduction termination on the continental lithosphere: Linking volcanism, deformation, surface uplift, and slab tearing in central Anatolia
Causes and consequences of flat-slab subduction in southern Peru
Multiple styles and scales of lithospheric foundering beneath the Puna Plateau, central Andes
Lithospheric foundering or delamination has been long recognized as an important process in the formation of the Andes, but the scale, timing, and surface uplift consequences remain controversial. We use recently completed ambient noise tomography and finite-frequency P-wave tomography results and other geologic and geophysical information to identify two ~200-km-diameter regions of piecemeal delamination in the Puna region between 21°S and 27°S. One location in the northern Puna Plateau is centered under the 11–1 Ma large-volume silicic Altiplano-Puna volcanic center, and the other in the southern Puna Plateau is centered approximately between the Arizaro Basin and 6–2 Ma Cerro Galan volcanic field. The foundering in the northern location has progressed to the point where the main thermal anomaly resides in the middle and upper crust, and the surface volcanic flare-up and mantle thermal anomalies are both in a waning stage. In the southern location, the main thermal anomaly is still in its waxing stage in the lower crust and upper mantle, and the foundering mantle material is imaged in the mantle wedge. The differing patterns of back-arc volcanism in the two foundering centers suggest different styles and timing of delamination, with the foundering process coming to completion earlier in the north than in the south. Based on plate-motion reconstructions, the NE-SW–aligned Juan Fernandez Ridge swept southward through this area starting about ca. 14 Ma in the north and ca. 10 Ma in the south. Although we do not think the passage of the Juan Fernandez Ridge initiated foundering, it played an important role in facilitating delamination by increasing interplate coupling, and weakening and perhaps hydrating the upper plate, and its passage allowed the delaminated material to sink into the expanding space of the mantle wedge. Another important factor in this evolution is the upper-plate lithospheric strength variations inherited from the different geologic basements underlying the northern and southern Puna regions. As the larger-scale delamination progressed, leaving behind thin lithosphere and a mantle wedge with a mixture of continental lithospheric fragments and hot asthenosphere, smaller secondary Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities occurred beneath the southern Puna Plateau, influencing basin development, and subsequent melting of this “drip” material was the source of the ensuing low-volume mafic volcanism.
Seismic images of crustal variations beneath the East Anatolian Plateau (Turkey) from teleseismic receiver functions
Abstract We used teleseismic P-wave receiver functions recorded by the Eastern Turkey Seismic Experiment to determine the crustal structure across an active continent–continent collision zone. Moho depth and V p / V s variations in the region are mapped by incorporating crustal multiples and later two-dimsional (2-D) seismic profiles are produced using a common conversion point technique with our crustal V p / V s estimates. Moho depths do not correlate with surface topography and reveal a relatively thin crust consistent with the high plateau being supported by hot asthenosphere near the base of the crust. Under the Arabian plate, the crust is thinnest ( c . 35 km) and exhibits high V p / V s (≥1.8) associated with mafic compositions. In the east, the crust gradually becomes thicker towards the north and exceeds 45 km in the northeastern side whereas in the west, the crust thickens sharply near the Bitlis suture and displays pronounced Moho topography within the Anatolian plate that suggests the presence of multiple fragments. V p / V s variations show an anomalously high V p / V s corridor (≥1.85) along the North Anatolian Fault and near the youngest volcanic units ( c . 3 Ma) and support the presence of partial melt. This corridor is spatially limited from both north and south by low V p / V s regions implying a change in crustal composition. Near the Bitlis suture, a layered V p / V s model points to the source of low V p / V s in the lower crust that may be rich in quartz. Furthermore, the seismic profiles indicate a prominent low velocity zone in the lower crust across a large area beneath the plateau that may act as a decoupling zone between the crust and upper mantle.