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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (1)
-
Botswana (2)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (4)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Lesotho (1)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
South Africa (3)
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe (2)
-
-
Zimbabwe Craton (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
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Guangxi China (1)
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Guizhou China (1)
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Meishan China (1)
-
-
Mongolia (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Son Valley (1)
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Siberia (2)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Tasmania Australia (1)
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Papua New Guinea (1)
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Avalon Zone (2)
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Caledonides (2)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick
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Saint John County New Brunswick
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Saint John New Brunswick (2)
-
-
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cape Breton Island (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (1)
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Ontario
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Michipicoten Island (1)
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-
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Nunavut (1)
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Western Canada
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Northwest Territories
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Great Bear Lake (2)
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Cascade Range (7)
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Coast Belt (1)
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Death Valley (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Bavaria Germany
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Franconian Forest (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Europe
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Italy
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Apennines
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Southern Apennines (1)
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Basilicata Italy (1)
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Western Europe
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Ireland
-
Galway Ireland
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Connemara (2)
-
-
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Wales
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South Wales (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Grand Canyon (4)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
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Central Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
-
Coast plutonic complex (1)
-
Keweenawan Rift (2)
-
Lake Superior region (2)
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Rocky Mountains
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
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-
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Sierra Nevada (1)
-
United States
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Arizona
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Apache County Arizona (1)
-
Coconino County Arizona (4)
-
Gila County Arizona (1)
-
Maricopa County Arizona (1)
-
Mohave County Arizona (1)
-
Petrified Forest National Park (2)
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Rincon Mountains (1)
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Yavapai County Arizona (1)
-
-
California
-
Inyo County California
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Funeral Mountains (1)
-
Panamint Range (1)
-
-
Nevada County California (1)
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Sierra County California (1)
-
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Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Michigan
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Michigan Lower Peninsula
-
Lake County Michigan (1)
-
-
Michigan Upper Peninsula
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Keweenaw County Michigan (1)
-
-
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Midcontinent (1)
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Minnesota
-
Cook County Minnesota (1)
-
-
Missouri
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Jefferson County Missouri (1)
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Ralls County Missouri (1)
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Saint Louis County Missouri (1)
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Montana (1)
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Nevada (1)
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New Mexico (1)
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Southwestern U.S. (3)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Chelan County Washington (2)
-
Golden Horn Batholith (1)
-
King County Washington (1)
-
Okanogan County Washington (2)
-
Skagit County Washington (2)
-
Snohomish County Washington (1)
-
Whatcom County Washington (2)
-
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
-
isotope ratios (15)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes (1)
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs (2)
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cloudina (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Skolithos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (5)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata (1)
-
-
Mollusca (1)
-
-
Metazoa (4)
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (3)
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (4)
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
paleomagnetism (5)
-
Pb/Pb (1)
-
Sm/Nd (2)
-
Sr/Sr (1)
-
tephrochronology (3)
-
thermochronology (3)
-
U/Pb (51)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Chuckanut Formation (1)
-
Chumstick Formation (1)
-
Swauk Formation (2)
-
-
Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic (2)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
Chinle Formation (2)
-
Norian (3)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Terreneuvian (1)
-
Tommotian (3)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (1)
-
Semri Series (1)
-
-
Carboniferous (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian (1)
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Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian (1)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
-
-
Shoo Fly Complex (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
Chuar Group (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
Unkar Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Freda Sandstone (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (5)
-
Vendian (4)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Orosirian (1)
-
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
-
Vindhyan (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (3)
-
-
rhyolites
-
rhyolite porphyry (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic ash (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (2)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses (5)
-
granulites (3)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagranite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites (2)
-
mylonites (2)
-
schists (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
K-bentonite (2)
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
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rutile (1)
-
-
phosphates
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apatite (2)
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monazite (6)
-
xenotime (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
sapphirine (1)
-
-
amphibole group (1)
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (2)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (42)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (54)
-
Africa
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (1)
-
Botswana (2)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (4)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Lesotho (1)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
South Africa (3)
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe (2)
-
-
Zimbabwe Craton (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Guangxi China (1)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Meishan China (1)
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Son Valley (1)
-
-
-
Siberia (2)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
bibliography (1)
-
biogeography (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick
-
Saint John County New Brunswick
-
Saint John New Brunswick (2)
-
-
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cape Breton Island (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland
-
Avalon Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Michipicoten Island (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Northwest Territories
-
Great Bear Lake (2)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Chuckanut Formation (1)
-
Chumstick Formation (1)
-
Swauk Formation (2)
-
-
Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs (2)
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
climate change (2)
-
continental drift (1)
-
crust (19)
-
deformation (6)
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Franconian Forest (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Southern Apennines (1)
-
-
Basilicata Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Ireland
-
Galway Ireland
-
Connemara (2)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
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Wales
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South Wales (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (9)
-
folds (6)
-
foliation (4)
-
geochemistry (14)
-
geochronology (12)
-
geosynclines (1)
-
ground water (1)
-
heat flow (2)
-
ichnofossils
-
Skolithos (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (3)
-
-
rhyolites
-
rhyolite porphyry (1)
-
-
-
-
inclusions (4)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
-
Central Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (19)
-
Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (5)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata (1)
-
-
Mollusca (1)
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes (1)
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
lineation (1)
-
magmas (6)
-
mantle (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic (2)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
Chinle Formation (2)
-
Norian (3)
-
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses (5)
-
granulites (3)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagranite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites (2)
-
mylonites (2)
-
schists (1)
-
-
metamorphism (12)
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
-
Coast plutonic complex (1)
-
Keweenawan Rift (2)
-
Lake Superior region (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
orogeny (10)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
paleoclimatology (2)
-
paleoecology (5)
-
paleogeography (5)
-
paleomagnetism (5)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Terreneuvian (1)
-
Tommotian (3)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (1)
-
Semri Series (1)
-
-
Carboniferous (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian (1)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
-
-
Shoo Fly Complex (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
-
petrology (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (10)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
Chuar Group (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
Unkar Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Freda Sandstone (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (5)
-
Vendian (4)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Orosirian (1)
-
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (1)
-
grainstone (1)
-
limestone (2)
-
packstone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
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arkose (1)
-
diamictite (1)
-
sandstone (5)
-
siltstone (2)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
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Crustal eduction and slab-failure magmatism in an Orosirian (2.05–1.80 Ga) postcollisional cratonic foredeep: geochronology of Seton volcanics and Compton laccoliths, Tu Cho (Great Slave Lake), NWT, Canada
New age constraints on the duration and origin of the Late Ordovician Guttenberg δ 13 C carb excursion from high-precision U-Pb geochronology of K-bentonites
Precise early Cambrian U–Pb zircon dates bracket the oldest trilobites and archaeocyaths in Moroccan West Gondwana
A sudden end-Permian mass extinction in South China
Advances in numerical calibration of the Permian timescale based on radioisotopic geochronology
Abstract: Radioisotopic age determinations targeted at key stratigraphic successions worldwide continue to refine the geological timescale with increasing precision and accuracy and to unravel the tempo of global geological, palaeoclimatic and palaeobiotic processes that have shaped our planet. The last decade has witnessed significant progress in the calibration of the Permian Period through integrated stratigraphic, palaeontological and high-precision geochronological investigations. These studies have largely focused on the Cisuralian and Lopingian stages, particularly the end-Permian mass extinction, whereas much of the Guadalupian and its associated events remain inadequately calibrated. A compilation of the high-precision U–Pb geochronology generated in the past ten years yields ages of 298.92±0.19 Ma for the onset of the Permian, 293.52±0.17 Ma for the base-Sakmarian, 290.10±0.14 Ma for the base-Artinskian, 272.95±0.11 Ma for the Cisuralian–Guadalupian boundary, 265.22±0.34 Ma for the base-Capitanian, 254.14±0.12 Ma for the base-Changhsingian and 251.90±0.10 Ma for the Permian–Triassic boundary. Extension of modern astrochronological methods to the Palaeozoic Era presents new opportunities for broader stratigraphic correlations and enhanced calibration of the Permian timescale. Supplementary material: Table S1 (U–Pb data) is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3917425