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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Bay of Fundy (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Quebec
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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isotopes
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fossils
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upper Pleistocene
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upper Quaternary (5)
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Laurentide ice sheet (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (10)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Bay of Fundy (1)
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biogeography (2)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick (2)
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Nova Scotia
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Cape Breton Island (3)
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Chedabucto Bay (1)
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Ontario
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Ottawa Ontario (1)
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Ottawa Valley (1)
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Quebec
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Magdalen Islands (1)
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Western Canada
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Alberta (2)
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British Columbia (1)
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Manitoba (2)
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carbon
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C-14 (9)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (2)
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Pleistocene
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Champlain Sea (1)
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Lake Agassiz (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Sangamonian (2)
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Wisconsinan (3)
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upper Quaternary (5)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia
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Lissamphibia
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Anura (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Mammuthus (1)
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Mastodontoidea (1)
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coprolites (1)
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geochronology (2)
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glacial geology (2)
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Invertebrata
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isotopes
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sedimentary structures
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soils
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stratigraphy (10)
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sedimentary structures
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coprolites (1)
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sedimentary structures
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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erratics (1)
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gravel (1)
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till (4)
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peat (2)
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soils
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soils
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Skeleton of a leopard frog ( Rana pipiens ) from Champlain Sea deposits (ca. 10 000 BP) near Eardley, Quebec
Postglacial vegetation history of the Mariana Lake region, Alberta
The Hillsborough, New Brunswick, mastodon and comments on other Pleistocene mastodon fossils from Nova Scotia
Quaternary stratigraphy, paleoecology, and glacial geology, Îles de la Madeleine, Quebec
The dating of events older than 50 ka, the limit of the radiocarbon method, has been a major drawback in assessing the chronology of the Quaternary. Several new methods have been applied to the dating of pre-late Wisconsinan organic beds in Nova Scotia. These methods include U/Th disequilibrium dating of wood and shells, amino-acid racemization dating of shells, and wood and electron spin resonance dating of shells. These methods are not without problems, and must be assessed together, and in concert with geologic evidence, in establishing a chronology. Evidence of the penultimate interglacial (marine isotopic stage 7) has been found in southern Nova Scotia. A raised marine platform, forest beds beneath till, and glacially-resedimented marine deposits were all formed during the last interglacial or Sangamonian stage (stage 5). Middle Wisconsinan U/Th and radiocarbon dates are questionable, so the chronology of post-Sangamonian events is not well constrained. Post-Sangamonian erosional and depositional stratigraphy indicates that at least four phases of ice flow have affected the Nova Scotia region. The earliest of these flows was a major advance that crossed the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Bay of Fundy (ice-flow phase 1). Later, separate ice caps and divides formed in areas adjacent to the province and the province itself (ice-flow phases 2–4). There is evidence for ice retreat between phases 1 and 2 in offshore areas and locally on land. Nova Scotia was probably covered with ice throughout the Wisconsinan stage (marine isotopic stages 4 to 2).