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NARROW
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Atlantic Ocean
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Response by Patricia H. Kelley for the presentation of the 2020 Paleontological Society Pojeta Award
ABSTRACT Edisto Island, South Carolina, offers a wide range of coastal environments, including maritime forests, back-dune meadows, primary dunes, berms, intertidal beaches, salt marshes, tidal creeks, and storm-washover fans. Each environment is characterized by a different suite of invertebrate and vertebrate traces. Trace assemblages also differ among undeveloped, moderately developed, and overdeveloped shorelines. Field-trip participants will observe tracks, burrows, borings, predation traces, and other traces in sediments, shells, and wood, and learn how modern traces can inform interpretations of trace fossils. We will also consider how ongoing anthropogenic change may limit applications of neoichnology to trace fossils by affecting trace distribution, diversity, and abundance.
Life span bias explains live–dead discordance in abundance of two common bivalves
Shell ornamentation as a likely exaptation: evidence from predatory drilling on Cenozoic bivalves
From paleontology to paleobiology: A half-century of progress in understanding life history
Paleontology has undergone a renaissance in the past 50 years, expanding from an empirical field focused on stratigraphic context to the theoretically grounded discipline of paleobiology. This transformation has been propelled by conceptual advances in two broadly construed areas, evolution and paleoecology. Phylogenetic systematics has revised our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among organisms. New understanding of tempo and mode in evolution, evolutionary hierarchies, the role of mass extinctions and recoveries, and developmental evolution has led to unexpected insights on evolutionary processes. Within paleoecology, taphonomy has led to greater understanding of the nature of the fossil record. Evolutionary paleoecologists have unearthed temporal and spatial patterns, at various scales, in diversity and community organization and have investigated the processes responsible for them. Other advances in paleoecology involve trace fossils; paleobiogeography; novel uses of fossils in understanding the environment; and the new discipline of conservation paleobiology. New concepts have been furthered by incorporating tools from other disciplines, including quantitative analytical methods, biostratigraphic innovations, geochemical and molecular tools, and advanced microscopy techniques. Fueling these advances are fossil discoveries revealing previously unknown Archean-Proterozoic worlds, detailed accounts of the explosion of life in the Cambrian, and floras and faunas yielding surprising and unexpected insights into the origins and evolution of important plant and animal groups.
ISOTOPE SCLEROCHRONOLOGY AND SEASON OF ANNUAL GROWTH LINE FORMATION IN LIMPET SHELLS ( PATELLA VULGATA) FROM WARM- AND COLD-TEMPERATE ZONES IN THE EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC
PRESENTATION OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY MEDAL TO GEERAT J. VERMEIJ
Abstract: Interpretation of the well-studied temporal record of predation by drilling gastropods requires understanding spatial patterns in drilling, in order to dissect any environmental trends from evolutionary patterns. However, current knowledge of spatial patterns in drilling at one time is incomplete; some studies have observed an increase, and others a decrease, in drilling with latitude. Because drilling is a slow process that puts the predator at risk, it has been hypothesized that frequency of successful drilling should increase, and that of failed drilling should decrease, at higher latitudes, where enemies pose fewer risks. To test this hypothesis, we collected bulk samples of modern molluscs from beach assemblages from Maine (43° N latitude) to the Florida Keys (25° N). The frequency of complete (successful) and incomplete and multiple (failed) drillholes was tabulated for higher and lower taxa from 24 samples (> 11,000 specimens). We explored latitudinal variation in drilling by comparing patterns among the Nova Scotian, Virginian, Carolinian, and Gulf molluscan provinces. Results were more complex than predicted. Drilling frequencies were greatest in the Carolinian Province and declined to the north and south for arcid bivalves, infaunal bivalves, and the total fauna (bivalves + gastropods; provincial frequencies for the total fauna were as follows: Nova Scotian, 8%; Virginian, 13%; Carolinian, 28%; and Gulf Province, 15%), and for the genus Spisula. In contrast, failed drilling, though infrequent, was typically more common in the Gulf Province than in the Carolinian Province (4% vs. 1% for most groups). Possible explanations for the patterns include: (1) taxa from more tropical localities may be better defended against predators, producing lower drilling frequencies and higher incidence of failed drilling; (2) presence of multiple predators in warmer waters may decrease drilling on bivalve prey if predators interfere with or prey upon one another; (3) at cooler latitudes, slower metabolisms may produce lower drilling frequencies; (4) alternative predation modes such as smothering may be more common at higher latitudes, resulting in lower drilling frequencies. Despite the apparent patterns, spatial variability reinforces the need to examine multiple samples in order to characterize the drilling frequency at a single location (or time interval).