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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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North Africa
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Algeria (2)
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Libya
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Fezzan (1)
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Sahara (2)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (1)
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Primary terms
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Africa
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North Africa
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Algeria (2)
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Libya
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Fezzan (1)
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Sahara (2)
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West Africa
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Taoudenni Basin (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Bahrain (1)
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Oman (1)
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Saudi Arabia (1)
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United Arab Emirates
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Dubai (1)
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-
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Nepal (1)
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Middle East (3)
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Australasia
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Papua New Guinea (2)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Bahamas (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (1)
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climate change (1)
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construction materials
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dams (2)
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earthquakes (1)
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education (1)
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engineering geology (13)
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environmental geology (1)
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Europe
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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Norway
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Oslo Norway (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Devon England (1)
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Wales (2)
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igneous rocks
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diabase (1)
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rock formations
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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limestone (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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duricrust (1)
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evaporites
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salt (2)
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clastic rocks
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shale (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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clay (1)
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kaolin (1)
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sand (1)
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marine sediments (1)
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soils
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soils (1)
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The engineering geology of concrete in hot drylands
The engineering geology of playas, salt playas and salinas
The early days of engineering geology in the UK – a personal view by Peter Fookes F.R. Eng.
Landslide issues associated with oil and gas pipelines in mountainous terrain
A note on the origins of engineering geomorphology in the UK
Some near-surface desert features of significance in engineering geology evaluations
Observations on the impact of climate change on landform behaviour and geohazards in the Algerian Sahara
Abstract The ground conditions relevant to construction in deserts are controlled to a great extent by geomorphological processes of landscape development acting on the extant geology and topography. Thus, examining the geomorphological ‘process–response’ system forms the basis for understanding the desert landscape and natural hazards to safe and economic construction (Chapter 4 ). Within the geomorphological systems, the balance between erosion, transportation and deposition caused by wind, water and gravity, linked to soil moisture deficit and the prevalence of salt compounds, is instrumental in creating distinctive morphological forms. In addition to contemporary geomorphological processes, the extent and location of desert areas have fluctuated throughout the Cenozoic, and in particular during the Quaternary. Thus, all existing deserts contain landforms created under different climatic regimes that remain as relict features that might or might not be stable under prevailing conditions. In this chapter the processes that create desert landforms are presented under four categories: rock weathering, disintegration and duricrust formation; wind: sand and dust; fluvial geomorphology; subsurface water, salts and aggressive ground. This is not a typical format for presenting desert geomorphology but is suitable for highlighting the features and processes that have engineering geological significance. For a classical treatment of desert geomorphology, reference should be made to Cooke et al. (1993) and Thomas (1997) , which currently remain the definitive books on the subject.
Abstract The condition of natural soils and rocks reflects the impact of a historical sequence of geological processes ( Fookes 1997 ), including plate tectonics, depositional environment, structural and diagenetic change. Climate influences the effect of the atmosphere in producing surface-related weathering and, in particular, the climatic changes of the Quaternary have significantly modified the properties of near-surface soils and rocks. Such modifications continue under present-day environmental conditions. Man-made or engineering structures are much younger compared to the geological time-scale but they also undergo change as a result of the effect of the natural environment in which they have been placed. The impact of these changes is governed by the materials that have been used in the construction, the way in which they have been incorporated in the design, and the quality of the workmanship. The materials are not always suitable for the environment in which they have been placed. An example is the use of pre-cast concrete with shallow reinforcement cover in a coastal environment where it is subject to seawater attack. It follows, therefore, that engineering structures may be placed in a wide variety of environments in which chemical and physical attack will vary from harsh to benign. For each environment the factors which may influence the rate of attack can be developed into a rating system which will allow the assessment of the condition of the structure and its constituent materials. This provides a framework for: development of a monitoring and maintenance programme;
Abstract A terrain evaluation of a remote area of hyperarid desert in central Algeria was undertaken as part of the front-end engineering design (FEED) studies for a gas field development. The work was part of the identification of suitable route options for a large buried pipeline between the gas fields and the existing pipeline network, some 500 km to the north. The results of the study provided information to support construction costings and preliminary engineering design and construction evaluation of potential geohazards and geotechnical issues, notably trench excavatability and dune mobility, and to help subsequent selection of a specific alignment within the corridor.
Abstract A ‘geological model’ is a representation of the geology of a particular location. ‘The form of the model can vary widely and include written descriptions, two-dimensional sections or plans, block diagrams, or be slanted towards some particular aspect such as groundwater or geomor-phological processes, rock structures and so orf ( Fookes 1997 , p. 294). Formal creation of a geological model is one of the fundamental processes by which geologists, geomorphologists and other Earth scientists assemble an understanding of the ground conditions at a site. It is a powerful and cost-effective vehicle for conveying this understanding, often in simplified form, to other disciplines such as civil and structural engineers and planners. Geological models are not always easy or straightforward to create. This is particularly so at the desk study and field reconnaissance phases of site investiga tion. However, it is during these early phases that a model (or models) can be particularly useful by helping to set out what is known, what is conjectured, and where significant gaps in knowledge may lie. Geological field-work provides important information for the model, yet much of the geological interpretation of such fieldwork is necessarily subjective. The case study described here illustrates how the vagaries of geological exposure and ground investigation programmes can be evaluated to give an understanding of the completeness and reliability of such data. This evaluation of data is called here the ‘determinability’ of the geology.