Abstract The composition and fate of magmatic sulfides are some of the most critical factors invoked to play a role in the chalcophile metal fertility of arc magmas. Examination of magmatic sulfide accessory minerals in nonmineralized volcanic systems may help to understand the behavior of chalcophile metals at sulfide saturation. This study presents compositional data on magmatic sulfides in lavas of the late Miocene Rincón-Portezuelo de las Ánimas Volcanic Complex, northwest Argentina. This is the easternmost magmatic occurrence in the back arc of the Southern Central Andes, at 27°S, about 75 km northeast from the world-class Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry Cu-Au deposit. At this latitude the late Miocene volcanic activity migrated eastward as a consequence of the shallowing slab subduction. Both copper-rich and pyrrhotite magmatic sulfide inclusions have been identified in the Rincón-Portezuelo de las Ánimas volcanic suite, straddling the high K calc-alkaline–shoshonite boundary. We discuss the sulfide composition in the framework of magmatic evolution and in comparison to the metal content of magmatic sulfides of the coeval Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex, associated with the Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry Cu-Au and other mineralized systems. The results show that sulfide liquid, exsolved from silicate melts of intermediate composition, stores Cu, Pb, Ag, and Bi in crystal mushes, reducing the mineralizing potential of residual melts while fertilizing the middle-upper crust. Gold behavior seems to be controlled by additional mechanisms, linked to the magma source or to an early partitioning into an S-bearing fluid phase. The high Au/Cu ratio of sulfides formed as monosulfide solid solution may be associated with the potassic character of the magmas in this sector of the Central Andes.

Abstract Based on new structural and petrological investigations, we present two crustal-scale cross-sections of the Kyrgyz South Tien Shan, and correlations of main faults and units between Kyrgyzstan and China. The overall structure corresponds to a doubly-vergent mountain belt. The Kyrgyz and Chinese areas exhibit identical structural and metamorphic histories. To the west, the Atbashi Range comprises high-pressure oceanic and continental units stacked by north-verging thrusts above a low metamorphic accretionary prism. High-pressure (HP) gneisses are bound to their south by a south-dipping detachment exhibiting mantle relicts. The high-pressure oceanic and continental units underwent similar pressure–temperature ( P – T ) paths with peak conditions of around 500 °C–20 kbar, followed by rapid exhumation. The overall south-dipping structure and kinematics indicate a south-dipping subduction of the Central Tien Shan Ocean at 320–310 Ma, ending with the docking of the Tarim block to the Kazakh continent. To the east, the Pobeda Massif shows a narrow push-up structure. A major north-vergent thrust exhumes deep-crustal-level granulites, constituting the highest summits, which were thrust towards the north onto low-grade Devonian–Carboniferous schists. The southern part of South Tien Shan is made up of a south-verging thrust stack that formed later during ongoing convergence, reactivated throughout post-30 Ma phases.

Abstract This paper is focused on petrological and geochemical data obtained on a series of Middle and Upper Eocene magmatic rocks from the Lesser Caucasus of Armenia in order to elucidate magma sources and geodynamic processes. Middle–Upper Eocene magmatism is present in two main zones: the Amasia–Sevan–Hakari suture zone (ASHSZ) and the so-called South Armenian Microplate (SAM). Volcanic rocks from both places range from basalt to rhyolite and mostly display a calc-alkaline character. Trace element patterns from the SAM and ASHSZ samples show mobile-elements enrichment (Rb, Ba, Th) together with strong negative high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr) anomalies. The (La/Sm) N ratio yields very close values for both areas. Conversely, the (La/Yb) N ratio is, on average, significantly higher for SAM than for ASHSZ, suggesting the presence of residual garnet at the source of the SAM volcanic rocks. Nevertheless, trace elements suggest partial melting from phlogopite- and amphibole-bearing spinel lherzolitic mantle sources. Neodymium and strontium isotopes yield ɛNd (40Ma) and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (40Ma) ratios ranging, respectively, from –0.3 to + 6.6 and from 0.70314 to 0.70531 for SAM samples, and from + 3.4 to + 6.8 and from 0.70393 to 0.70433 for ASHSZ samples. Initial Pb/Pb isotopic ratios yield close values for both areas but with slightly higher and more homogeneous 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios for SAM samples. Such features concur with a more pronounced slab-component contribution in the frontal part of the volcanic belt, that is, in the SAM domain. No significant crustal contamination has been detected in the studied Eocene magmatic rocks from both the ASHSZ and SAM. Considering geodynamic and geochemical constraints, we propose that this magmatism is connected with a north-dipping Southern Neotethys subduction, in an extensional (back-arc) environment of orogenic belts. The Arabia–Eurasia collision and the closure of the Neotethys Ocean may have occurred after this magmatic event.