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DEPOSITIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE LOWER CRETACEOUS STIKES QUARRY DINOSAUR SITE: UPPER YELLOW CAT MEMBER, CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION, UTAH
Paleosalinity history of middle Holocene lagoonal and lacustrine deposits in the Enriquillo Valley, Dominican Republic based on pore morphometrics and isotope geochemistry of ostracoda
Velatomorpha , a new healdioidean ostracode genus from the early Pennsylvanian Joggins Formation, Nova Scotia, Canada
Evidence for marine influence on a low-gradient coastal plain : Ichnology and invertebrate paleontology of the lower Tongue River Member (Fort Union Formation, middle Paleocene), western Williston Basin, U.S.A.
HIGH-RESOLUTION ESTUARINE SEA LEVEL CYCLES FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS: AMPLITUDE CONSTRAINTS USING AGGLUTINATED FORAMINIFERA
Unconformities and age relationships, Tongue River and older members of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene), western Williston Basin, U.S.A.
Revision of the ostracode genus Fossocytheridea : Mesozoic ancestral root for the modern eurytopic Cyprideis Jones
Abstract Microfossils from Cretaceous coal-bearing strata can be used to establish key stratigraphic surfaces that mark marine flooding events with intermediate-frequency (fourth-order) and high-frequency (fifth-order) periodicities. We document several examples of this cyclicity from the transgressive and regressive facies at the land–sea transition of the Greenhorn Marine Cycle on the Colorado Plateau. Estuarine strata from the upper Cenomanian Dakota and middle Turonian Straight Cliffs Formations yield four primary fossil assemblages: Assemblage A, the lagoonal assemblage, comprising a rich agglutinated foraminiferal population of Trochammina and Verneuilinoides and brackish ostracodes and molluscs in a skeletal shell accumulation; Assemblage B, the proximal estuarine assemblage, comprising the brackish ostracode Fossocytheridea , charophytes, and smooth admetopsid gastropods within bituminous coal zones giving rise to distal estuary with the addition of brackish gastropods and sparse agglutinated foraminifera in sandy marlstones; Assemblage C, the open-bay (distal estuarine) assemblage, comprising the ostracodes Fossocytheridea posterovata , Cytheromorpha , Looneyella , and Cytheropteron , the foraminifera Trochammina and Ammobaculites , and ornate brackish molluscs in calcareous shelly mudstones; and Assemblage D, the marsh, comprising an exclusive population of the foraminifera Trochammina , Miliammina , and Ammobaculites in rooted lignites. Intermediate flooding surfaces are marked by normal marine taxa that are superimposed on the background of a primary marginal marine assemblage. In general, intermediate flooding events approximate lithologic and biostratigraphic boundaries and record basin-wide paleoenvironmen-tal changes with the advancing Greenhorn Sea. We correlate coal zones from the coast to maxima in calcium carbonate and planktic foraminifera in the offshore. The intermediate cycles approximate ammonite biostratigraphic zones and therefore maintain periodicities within the 100–400 kyr bandwidth. The onshore–offshore correlations suggest that a regional and perhaps global sea-level mechanism controlled the stratigraphic position of the coal zones. Superimposed on the intermediate cycles are higher-frequency cycles that represent short-lived flooding events. As many as six high-frequency cycles constitute an intermediate cycle, and therefore periodicities fall within an approximate 10–25 kyr range. The general asymmetry of the packages suggests that a combination of oceanographic, climatic, and autogenic processes influenced the high-frequency stratal architecture. Overall, the primary mechanism controlling the stratigraphic position of the coals was tectono-eustasy. Compactional processes and/or climate modulations contributed to the observed internal coal-zone cyclicity that we interpret as a secondary coal-forming process.