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BFORAMS@MIKROTAX: AN ONLINE DATABASE FOR DEEP-SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL TAXONOMY
Exploring Early Eocene Hyperthermals on the New Jersey Paleoshelf (ODP 174AX)
Profundal Testate Amoebae (Arcellacea) of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan
Sequence stratigraphy, micropaleontology, and foraminiferal geochemistry, Bass River, New Jersey paleoshelf, USA: Implications for Eocene ice-volume changes
Neogene Benthic Foraminiferal Biofacies, Paleobathymetry, and Paleoenvironments of a Gulf of Mexico Transect
Southeastern Atlantic deep-water evolution during the late-middle Eocene to earliest Oligocene (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1263 and Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 366)
Magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy of the Pignola-Abriola section: New constraints for the Norian-Rhaetian boundary
Chronology of Eocene–Miocene sequences on the New Jersey shallow shelf: Implications for regional, interregional, and global correlations
Sea-level control of New Jersey margin architecture: Palynological evidence from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 313
Paleobathymetry and sequence stratigraphic interpretations from benthic foraminifera: Insights on New Jersey shelf architecture, IODP Expedition 313
Testing sequence stratigraphic models by drilling Miocene foresets on the New Jersey shallow shelf
Sequence boundaries are impedance contrasts: Core-seismic-log integration of Oligocene–Miocene sequences, New Jersey shallow shelf
Multiproxy record of abrupt sea-surface cooling across the Eocene-Oligocene transition in the Gulf of Mexico
TRADITIONAL AND EMERGING GEOCHEMICAL PROXIES IN FORAMINIFERA
We evaluated the age of two Upper Eocene impact ejecta layers (North American microtektites linked to the Chesapeake Bay impact structure and clinopyroxene [cpx] spherules from the Popigai crater) and the global effects of the associated impact events. The reported occurrence of cpx spherules from the Popigai impact structure at South Atlantic ODP Site 1090 within the middle of magnetochron C16n.1n yields a magnetochronologic age of 35.4 Ma. We generated high-resolution stable isotope records at Sites 1090, 612 (New Jersey slope), and Caribbean core RC9-58 that show: (1) a 0.5‰ δ 13 C decrease in bulk-carbonate at Site 1090 coincident with the Popigai cpx spherule layer, and (2) a 0.4‰–0.5‰ decrease in deep-water benthic foraminiferal δ 13 C values across the Popigai impact ejecta layer at Site 612 and core RC9-58. We conclude that the δ 13 C excursion associated with Popigai was a global event throughout the marine realm that can be correlated to magnetochron C16n.1n. The amplitude of this excursion (~0.5‰) is within the limits of natural variability, suggesting it was caused by a decrease in carbon export productivity, potentially triggered by the impact event(s). North American microtektites associated with the Chesapeake Bay impact occur stratigraphically above the Popigai cpx spherules at Site 612 and core RC9-58. We found no definite evidence of a δ 13 C anomaly associated with the North American microtektite layer, though further studies are warranted. High-resolution bulk-carbonate and benthic foraminiferal δ 18 O records show no global temperature change associated with the cpx spherule or North American microtektite layers.
Climate threshold at the Eocene-Oligocene transition: Antarctic ice sheet influence on ocean circulation
We present an overview of the Eocene-Oligocene transition from a marine perspective and posit that growth of a continent-scale Antarctic ice sheet (25 × 10 6 km 3 ) was a primary cause of a dramatic reorganization of ocean circulation and chemistry. The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) was the culmination of long-term (10 7 yr drawdown and related cooling that triggered a 0.5‰–0.9‰ transient pre-scale) CO 2 cursor benthic foraminiferal δ 18 O increase at 33.80 Ma (EOT-1), a 0.8‰ δ 18 O increase at 33.63 Ma (EOT-2), and a 1.0‰ δ 18 O increase at 33.55 Ma (oxygen isotope event Oi-1). We show that a small (~25 m) sea-level lowering was associated with the precursor EOT-1 increase, suggesting that the δ 18 O increase primarily reflected 1–2 °C of cooling. Global sea level dropped by 80 ± 25 m at Oi-1 time, implying that the deep-sea foraminiferal δ 18 O increase was due to the growth of a continent-sized Antarctic ice sheet and 1–4 °C of cooling. The Antarctic ice sheet reached the coastline for the first time at ca. 33.6 Ma and became a driver of Antarctic circulation, which in turn affected global climate, causing increased latitudinal thermal gradients and a “spinning up” of the oceans that resulted in: (1) increased thermohaline circulation and erosional pulses of Northern Component Water and Antarctic Bottom Water; (2) increased deep-basin ventilation, which caused a decrease in oceanic residence time, a decrease in deep-ocean acidity, and a deepening of the calcite compensation depth (CCD); and (3) increased diatom diversity due to intensified upwelling.
Eocene–Oligocene global climate and sea-level changes: St. Stephens Quarry, Alabama
Early Jurassic climate change and the radiation of organic-walled phytoplankton in the Tethys Ocean
Oligocene bathyal to abyssal benthic foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean
Abstract We evaluate late Miocene–Recent paleoenvironments, paleobathymetry, and depositional facies recovered at two sites drilled by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 174A on the New Jersey continental shelf. Based on seismic stratigraphy, previous studies suggested that the New Jersey margin sequences are primarily either highstand deposits or lowstand systems tracts. However, benthic foraminiferal biofacies and planktonic foraminiferal abundances proved to be key to deciphering systems tract development. By integrating foramin-iferal, lithologic, and downhole logging evidence within a seismically defined sequence stratigraphic framework, we show that Pleistocene sequences cored by Leg 174A are characterized by transgressive and highstand deposits, whereas Miocene sequences consist of lowstand, transgressive, and highstand deposits, with repeated flooding surfaces indicating parasequences. We propose that the erosion responsible for the shelf sequence boundaries can be attributed to mean lowerings of base level in response to changes in the mean states of glaciation that marked: (1) the Miocene increase in ice volume and glacioeustatic lowering; (2) the transition to Northern Hemisphere–dominated glaciation; and (3) the transition to the large eustatic fluctuations of the middle–late Pleistocene.