Abstract Numerous paleokarst features in the Lower and Middle Ordovician limestone in north-central Tarim Basin, China, were revealed by integrating 3D interpretation and seismic geomorphologic imaging along with core description and outcrop analog. The paleokarst system was developed on the top and slope of a regional uplift beneath an Ordovician unconformity. Seismic evidence of karst development includes karsttower- and sinkhole-like features on the unconformity surface and chaotic collapse reflections and bright spots derived from cave sediments. Core observation and local Ordovician outcrop provide additional support for these interpretations. The interpreted seismic traveltime map illustrates erosional topography and seismic geomorphologic patterns on top of the unconformity for fluvial channels and canyons, fluvial valleys, sinkholes, and tower karsts and hills, revealing a matured surface drainage system related to the paleokarst system. Links between surface sinkholes and upstream river initiation and between surface channel segments and subsurface collapsed paleocaves suggest that using seismic geomorphology to predict paleocave systems is possible.