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illite (2)
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Africa
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GeoRef Categories
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Abstract Coastal geomorphic systems have been studied widely to understand the responses of shorelines to fluctuating sea levels. Submerged shorelines, remnant of Pleistocene sea-level lowstands, are well preserved on the South African continental shelf. This paper describes work undertaken to better understand offshore coastal environments now submerged by high sea levels off the South African south coast near Mossel Bay, offshore of the Pinnacle Point archaeological locality. Multibeam bathymetry and side-scan sonar reveal evidence of past sea-level fluctuations and submerged coastal landscape features on the seabed. These results form the basis of an ongoing palaeoenvironmental reconstruction for this part of the shelf. We describe seven significant geomorphic features that show a submerged environment that differs significantly to the immediate adjacent coastal plain. However, these features are comparable to other stretches of the present South African shoreline that serve as modern analogues. We propose that features on the continental shelf primarily reflect geological substrate, gradients and Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations. Early modern humans were likely to have had a different set of resources to use in this Pleistocene landscape compared to those available along the presently exposed coast.
ABRASION OF FORAMINIFERA TESTS ALONG AN ACTIVE DUNE CORDON, WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA
Geochronology of Holocene sediments on the western margin of South Africa
Source of the suspended load of the upper Orange River, South Africa
Foraminifera of Langebaan Lagoon salt marsh and their application to the interpretation of late Pleistocene depositional environments at Monwabisi, False Bay coast, South Africa
Aeolian and marine deposits of the Tabakbaai Quarry area, western Cape, South Africa
Oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of kaolinite deposits, Cape Peninsula, South Africa; low-temperature, meteoric origin
Linking phosphogenic episodes on the southeast U.S. margin to marine δ 13 C and δ 18 O records
Strontium isotopes and Miocene sequence stratigraphy across the northeast Florida Platform
Origin of dolomite in the phosphatic Miocene Hawthorn Group of Florida
Origin and diagenesis of clay minerals in the Monterey Formation, Santa Maria Basin area, California
Porosity reduction and burial history of siliceous rocks from the Monterey and Sisquoc Formations, Point Pedernales area, California
Phosphogenesis and weathering of shelf sediments from the southeastern United States: Implications for Miocene δ 13 C excursions and global cooling
Degree of supersaturation and precipitation of organogenic dolomite
Sediment Composition and Precipitation of Dolomite and Pyrite in the Neogene Monterey and Sisquoc Formations, Santa Maria Basin Area, California
Abstract A 1.2-km-thick section of the Miocene Monterey and overlying Pliocene Sisquoc formations in the Santa Maria basin area of California contains highly variable amounts of biogenic silica, detrital clay and silt, organic matter, carbonate, pyrite, and francolite. Organic-matter diagenesis resulted in the early precipitation of dolomite, pyrite, and francolite, and the concentration of trace metals. Dolostone horizons occur 1 to 10 m apart and consist of 50 to 95 weight percent pore-filling dolomite. The dolomite is low in Fe and Mn and contains an average of 0.8 to 5.3 mole percent excess Ca. Dolomite composition is related to texture in some samples and suggests several different episodes of dolomitization. There is a positive correlation between organic matter, pyrite, and the trace metals V, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn. Pyrite formation probably occurred below the sediment/seawater interface (noneuxinic basin) in the microbial-sulfate reduction zone, and was limited by Fe in sediment having a high organic matter-to-clay ratio and by reduced sulfur in sediment having a low organic matter-to-clay ratio.