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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Otago Schist (1)
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Torlesse Terrane (1)
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Bering Glacier (2)
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Canterbury Basin (2)
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Icy Bay (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (4)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (4)
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific (2)
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West Pacific
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Southwest Pacific (2)
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South Island (2)
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United States
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Alaska
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Glacier Bay National Park (1)
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
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Florida
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Duval County Florida (1)
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Saint Johns County Florida (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-14 (1)
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isotopes
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C-14 (1)
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Pb-210 (1)
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Th-234 (1)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium
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Th-234 (1)
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lead
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Pb-210 (1)
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fossils
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks (1)
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minerals
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carbonates
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aragonite (1)
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calcite (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (2)
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Otago Schist (1)
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Torlesse Terrane (1)
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carbon
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C-14 (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Neoglacial (1)
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upper Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene (1)
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upper Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Eocene (1)
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data processing (1)
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diagenesis (1)
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geochemistry (2)
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geomorphology (1)
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geophysical methods (2)
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glacial geology (2)
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Expedition 317
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IODP Site U1351 (1)
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IODP Site U1352 (1)
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IODP Site U1353 (1)
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IODP Site U1354 (1)
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Expedition 341
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IODP Site U1419 (1)
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IODP Site U1421 (1)
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (1)
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Pb-210 (1)
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Th-234 (1)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium
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Th-234 (1)
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lead
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Pb-210 (1)
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metamorphic rocks (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (4)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (4)
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific (2)
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West Pacific
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Southwest Pacific (2)
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paleoclimatology (1)
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sea-level changes (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks (1)
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clastic rocks (1)
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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bioturbation (1)
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planar bedding structures
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laminations (1)
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sedimentation (5)
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
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clastic sediments
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diamicton (1)
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mud (1)
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sand (1)
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silt (1)
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marine sediments (4)
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stratigraphy (1)
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United States
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Alaska
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Glacier Bay National Park (1)
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
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Florida
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Duval County Florida (1)
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Saint Johns County Florida (1)
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rock formations
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Haast Schist (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks (1)
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clastic rocks (1)
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siliciclastics (1)
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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bioturbation (1)
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planar bedding structures
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laminations (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
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clastic sediments
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diamicton (1)
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mud (1)
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sand (1)
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silt (1)
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marine sediments (4)
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siliciclastics (1)
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ABSTRACT We combined sand petrofacies with lithofacies to characterize sedimentation within unconformity-bounded sequences at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 317 sites drilled across the Canterbury shelf to the slope, located off the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Differentiation of the relative influence of along- and across-shelf sand supply in this system is made possible by the unique aspects of the onshore geology. Northern rivers draining mainly Torlesse composite terrane lithologies are dominated by lower-grade metamorphic lithic fragments, whereas central rivers, draining the Torlesse to schist (semi-schist) transition (Haast/Otago Schist), contain more higher-grade metamorphic lithic fragments, and the southern rivers contain sand that is quartzofeldspathic and mica rich, having been derived predominantly from coarse schist. Differences are documented in onshore river sand that allow for the provenance classification of 38 offshore sand samples from IODP Expedition 317 cores into four provenance groups based on their likely bedrock sources: (1) Torlesse, (2) Torlesse-schist transition, (3) schist, or (4) mixed. The distribution of sand composition in the 0–0.62 Ma sections of the shelf and slope sites indicates a dynamic system where shore-parallel and shore-perpendicular processes alternated on the shelf, and shore-perpendicular processes dominated at the slope site. When sand compositions are placed in a sequence-stratigraphic context, they indicate an evolving paleogeography through time. Significant sand provenance shifts are linked to falling sea level, with Torlesse-schist transition compositions characteristic of regressive systems tracts. Torlesse compositions are supplied to the sites during falling sea level and sea-level lowstands, when fluvial and coastal geomorphology promotes influx from the north. Mixed compositions characteristic of transgressive systems tracts are likely products of littoral- and shelf-current mixing and potential influx of schist detritus from the south.
Quantifying Detection Limits and Uncertainty in X-ray Diffraction Mineralogical Assessments of Biogenic Carbonates
Multivariate modeling of glacimarine lithostratigraphy combining scanning XRF, multisensory core properties, and CT imagery: IODP Site U1419
Late Quaternary glacial dynamics and sedimentation variability in the Bering Trough, Gulf of Alaska
The Transformation of Sediment Into Rock: Insights From IODP Site U1352, Canterbury Basin, New Zealand
Fjords as temporary sediment traps: History of glacial erosion and deposition in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park, southeastern Alaska
Isostatic uplift driven by karstification and sea-level oscillation: Modeling landscape evolution in north Florida
Developing high-resolution chronologies in glacimarine sediments: examples from southeastern Alaska
Abstract Glacial systems release sediment to the marine environment over a range of time periods, including short-term seasonal, tidal, and diurnal scales. Often, the sedimentary record providing the highest temporal resolutions of short-term processes is found in relatively inaccessible areas such as proximal to glacier termini or below floating ice sheets. To assess the importance of short-term glacial and oceanographic processes in creating glacimarine strata, it is necessary to evaluate strata production over similar time scales. Time-series coring, sediment traps, or bathymetric profiles may be difficult to perform in these harsh settings. Coupling the observations of sedimentary structures seen in core X-ray radiographs with sound chronologies allows for the evaluation of short-term glacimarine sedimentation. For seasonal time-scales, the highly particle-reactive radioisotope 234 Th (24 day half-life) can be used to measure the rates of strata production under both steady and non-steady sediment deposition. To create appropriate age-depth relationships, two approaches are used: a rigorous and exacting mathematical model developed from a steady-state transport-reaction equation; and the less exacting CIC (constant initial concentration) and CRS (constant rate of supply or constant flux) point transformations. These methods are used for developing chronologies of cores collected in 1995 in Icy Bay, Alaska at 4, 12, and 32 km from the tidewater terminus of the Guyot Glacier. Examples are given of the boundary conditions that must be satisfied to use each approach in developing age-depth relationships. For the two cores collected closest to the terminus, age-depth relationships can be generated using all three approaches, whereas the presence of bioturbation in the most ice-distal sample severely complicates matters. The high (∼0.5 cm d −1 ) but non-steady sedimentation rates at the ice-proximal station create a high-resolution sedimentary record. The controls on sedimentation at this location are evaluated by examining sedimentary structures (alternating light and dark laminae and beds) seen in digitized X-ray radiographs. The CRS method is used to convert depth to time in X-ray radiographs. The down-core pixel intensities of the grey-scale X-ray radiograph positives are used to create a time series of sedimentation reflected in proxy data (the bulk density of the sediments). By using Blackman-Tukey spectral analyses and relatively new wavelet techniques to evaluate periodic processes, sedimentation at this location can be related to seasonal variability in meltwater production, fortnightly tidal influences on particle settling rates, and episodic precipitation-induced sediment deposition.