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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Date
Availability
Shallow Faulting and Folding beneath South‐Central Seattle, Washington State, from Land‐Based High‐Resolution Seismic‐Reflection Imaging Open Access
Shear‐Wave Velocity Site Characterization in Oklahoma from Joint Inversion of Multimethod Surface Seismic Measurements: Implications for Central U.S. Ground‐Motion Prediction Available to Purchase
Shear‐Wave Velocity in the Seattle Basin to 2 km Depth Characterized with the krSPAC Microtremor Array Method: Insights for Urban Basin‐Scale Imaging Available to Purchase
Shallow geophysical imaging of the Olympia anomaly: An enigmatic structure in the southern Puget Lowland, Washington State Open Access
Preliminary Assessment of a Previously Unknown Fault Zone beneath the Daytona Beach Sand Blow Cluster near Marianna, Arkansas Available to Purchase
Kinematics of shallow backthrusts in the Seattle fault zone, Washington State Open Access
Ground-motion site effects from multimethod shear-wave velocity characterization at 16 seismograph stations deployed for aftershocks of the August 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake Available to Purchase
We characterize shear-wave velocity versus depth (Vs profile) at 16 portable seismograph sites through the epicentral region of the 2011 M w 5.8 Mineral (Virginia, USA) earthquake to investigate ground-motion site effects in the area. We used a multimethod acquisition and analysis approach, where active-source horizontal shear (SH) wave reflection and refraction as well as active-source multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and passive-source refraction microtremor (ReMi) Rayleigh wave dispersion were interpreted separately. The time-averaged shear-wave velocity to a depth of 30 m (Vs30), interpreted bedrock depth, and site resonant frequency were estimated from the best-fit Vs profile of each method at each location for analysis. Using the median Vs30 value (270–715 m/s) as representative of a given site, we estimate that all 16 sites are National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site class C or D. Based on a comparison of simplified mapped surface geology to median Vs30 at our sites, we do not see clear evidence for using surface geologic units as a proxy for Vs30 in the epicentral region, although this may primarily be because the units are similar in age (Paleozoic) and may have similar bulk seismic properties. We compare resonant frequencies calculated from ambient noise horizontal:vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) at available sites to predicted site frequencies (generally between 1.9 and 7.6 Hz) derived from the median bedrock depth and average Vs to bedrock. Robust linear regression of HVSR to both site frequency and Vs30 demonstrate moderate correlation to each, and thus both appear to be generally representative of site response in this region. Based on Kendall tau rank correlation testing, we find that Vs30 and the site frequency calculated from average Vs to median interpreted bedrock depth can both be considered reliable predictors of weak-motion site effects in the epicentral region.
Site response in the eastern United States: A comparison of Vs30 measurements with estimates from horizontal:vertical spectral ratios Available to Purchase
Earthquake damage is often increased due to local ground-motion amplification caused by soft soils, thick basin sediments, topographic effects, and liquefaction. A critical factor contributing to the assessment of seismic hazard is detailed information on local site response. In order to address and quantify the site response at seismograph stations in the eastern United States, we investigate the regional spatial variation of horizontal:vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) using ambient noise recorded at permanent regional and national network stations as well as temporary seismic stations deployed in order to record aftershocks of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake. We compare the HVSR peak frequency to surface measurements of the shear-wave seismic velocity to 30 m depth (Vs30) at 21 seismograph stations in the eastern United States and find that HVSR peak frequency increases with increasing Vs30. We use this relationship to estimate the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program soil class at 218 ANSS (Advanced National Seismic System), GSN (Global Seismographic Network), and RSN (Regional Seismograph Networks) locations in the eastern United States, and suggest that this seismic station–based HVSR proxy could potentially be used to calibrate other site response characterization methods commonly used to estimate shaking hazard.
V S 30 and Spectral Response from Collocated Shallow, Active‐, and Passive‐Source V S Data at 27 Sites in Puerto Rico Available to Purchase
Origin of the Blytheville Arch, and long-term displacement on the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States Available to Purchase
The southern arm of the New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States coincides with the buried, ~110 km by ~20 km Blytheville Arch antiform within the Cambrian–Ordovician Reelfoot rift graben. The Blytheville Arch has been interpreted at various times as a compressive structure, an igneous intrusion, or a sediment diapir. Reprocessed industry seismic-reflection profiles presented here show a strong similarity between the Blytheville Arch and pop-up structures, or flower structures, within strike-slip fault systems. The Blytheville Arch formed in the Paleozoic, but post–Mid-Cretaceous to Quaternary strata show displacement or folding indicative of faulting. Faults within the graben structure but outside of the Blytheville Arch also appear to displace Upper Cretaceous and perhaps younger strata, indicating that past faulting was not restricted to the Blytheville Arch and New Madrid seismic zone. As much as 10–12.5 km of strike slip can be estimated from apparent shearing of the Reelfoot arm of the New Madrid seismic zone. There also appears to be ~5–5.5 km of shearing of the Reelfoot topographic scarp at the north end of the southern arm of the New Madrid seismic zone and of the southern portion of Crowley's Ridge, which is a north-trending topographic ridge just south of the seismic zone. These observations suggest that there has been substantial strike-slip displacement along the Blytheville Arch and southern arm of the New Madrid seismic zone, that strike-slip extended north and south of the modern seismic zone, and that post–Mid-Cretaceous (post-Eocene?) faulting was not restricted to the Blytheville Arch or to currently active faults within the New Madrid seismic zone.
Characterization of Intrabasin Faulting and Deformation for Earthquake Hazards in Southern Utah Valley, Utah, from High‐Resolution Seismic Imaging Available to Purchase
Shallow subsurface structure of the Wasatch fault, Provo segment, Utah, from integrated compressional and shear-wave seismic reflection profiles with implications for fault structure and development Available to Purchase
Predicted and Observed Spectral Response from Collocated Shallow, Active- and Passive-Source Vs Data at Five ANSS Sites, Illinois and Indiana, USA Available to Purchase
Multisource, High-resolution Seismic-reflection Imaging of Meeman-Shelby Fault and a Possible Tectonic Model for a Joiner Ridge–Manila High Stepover Structure in the Upper Mississippi Embayment Region Available to Purchase
Application of the Spatial-autocorrelation Microtremor-array Method for Characterizing S-wave Velocity in the Upper 300 m of Salt Lake Valley, Utah Available to Purchase
Abstract Spatial-autocorrelation (SPAC) microtremor-array data acquired at 14 sites in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, characterize S-wave velocities to depths as great as 300 m. Three data sets acquired at each site were analyzed simultaneously using equilateral triangular arrays with sensors deployed at 33.3-m, 100-m, and 300-m separation. Of the 14 sites, eight were within 1.2 km of active-source (vibroseis) body- and surface-wave acquisition sites, and two were within 0.7 km of boreholes logged for S-wave velocity ( V S ) to at least 50-m depth. A comparison to these existing active-source and borehole models indicates that these SPAC V S results typically differ by less than 10% on average to 100-m depth. At a majority of the investigation sites, SPAC modeling results can be interpreted confidently to more than 150-m depth. Linear ground-motion amplification spectra derived from these profiles of V S versus depth suggest amplification factors of more than three can occur at frequencies in the band of 0.5 to 4 Hz from the base of unconsolidated sediments in the upper 300 m.