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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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soils
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Late Paleozoic tropical climate response to Gondwanan deglaciation
The thicknesses of stratigraphic sections of the Late Triassic (Carnian) Ischigualasto Formation change significantly, from ∼300 to 700 m, along a 15 km transect in the Ischigualasto Provincial Park, San Juan, NW Argentina. Channel sandstone deposits dominate the thickest section, whereas pedogenically altered layers dominate the thinnest stratigraphic section. Eight paleosol types have been recognized in the study area, and they are unevenly distributed across the basin. In particular, paleosol B horizons are thinner and redoximorphic soil morphologies dominate in the thickest, whereas B horizons are thickest and argillic and calcic morphologies dominate in the thinnest stratigraphic section. These observations suggest that the geomorphic evolution of the Ischigualasto basin exerted the primary control on sediment distribution, depositional rate, soil drainage, and depth of the groundwater table through most of Late Triassic time in the Ischigualasto basin. In addition, δ 18 O values of paleosol calcite nodules are similar to modern soil calcites that form in frigid to cool climates between ∼0 °C and 10 °C. Considering both lateral and stratigraphic distribution of paleosol morphological variability, there appears to be three different general modes of climate recorded throughout deposition of the Ischigualasto Formation: (1) Humid conditions recorded by Argillisols, Gleysols, and Vertisols in the lower quarter of the formation; (2) relatively dry conditions recorded by Calcisols, calcic Argillisols, and calcic Vertisols in the middle half of the formation; and (3) generally more humid conditions in the upper quarter of the formation recorded by Argillisols, Gleysols, and Vertisols. La Formación Ischigualasto del Triásico Superior (Carniense) presenta cambios importantes de espesor (de 300 a 700 m), a lo largo de una transversal de 15 km dentro del Parque Provincial de Ischigualasto, San Juan, en el noroeste de Argentina. En las zonas en las que la Formación es más potente dominan los canales de areniscas, mientras que en las zonas en las que el espesor de la Formación es menor dominan los niveles edáficos. Se han reconocido ocho tipos distintos de paleosuelos, que se distribuyen de forma desigual a lo largo de la cuenca. En particular, los horizontes B de los paleosuelos son menos potentes y presentan morfologías redoximórficas en las secciones estratigrá-ficas de mayor espesor; por el contrario, en las secciones estratigráficas de menor espesor los horizontes B son más potentes y argílicos y en ellos son frecuentes los rasgos calcáreos. De forma conjunta, la distribución de los depósitos canalizados de areniscas y la morfología de los paleosuelos a lo largo de la Formación Ischigualasto indican que la evolución geomorfológica de la cuenca fue el principal factor de control sobre la distribución de los sedimentos, la tasa de sedimentación, el drenaje de los suelos y la profundidad del nivel freático durante la mayor parte del Triásico.