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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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North America (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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United States
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Morphology and Tectonic Evolution of the East-Central Pacific
Archipelagic Aprons
Density and Porosity of Sea-floor Surface Sediments off San Diego, California
DEFORMATION OF THE NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC BASIN AND THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA
Deep-Sea Channels, Topography, and Sedimentation
Matching Land and Sea Floor Topography and Structures off California: ABSTRACT
Front Matter
Introduction
Abstract (The entire Symposium was recorded 011 magnetic tape. Some of the papers have been revised slightly to include the most recent data available, blit the remainder of the meeting is presented here essentially as it occurred in the Corral Room of the Sam Houston Coliseum in Houston, Texas at 2:00 P.M. on Tuesday, March 24, 1953.) E. C. Dapples: For many years the primary function of the Research Com-mittee of the Society of Economic Pale-ontologists and Minerologists has been to organize a symposium concerned with pertinent problems in sedimentary geology. Each year the symposium has had a somewhat different aspect. Sometimes the emphasis is paleontologic; on other occasions it is sedimentologic. This year the main theme centers on the characteristics of near shore deposition, particularly aimed toward recognition of ancient shorelines. Most of the responsibility for organizing the annual symposium sponsored by the Research Committee falls upon the chairman. Our chairman this year is Dr. Henry W. Menard of the Navy Electronics Laboratory. Unfortunately Dr. Menard is unable to be present to preside over the meeting. During the final preparations for the meeting Dr. Menard was in the south Pacific and his colleague Dr. Edwin Hamilton very ably assumed the duties of chairman. The committee gratefully acknowledges the efforts of Dr. Hamilton. Committee members select the topic for the symposium, aid in selection of the speakers, and often participate in the program. This year’s committee consists of H. W. Menard (chairman), J. F. Rominger, Grover E. Murray, F. W. Rolshausen
Abstract The Mississippi Delta is building because the rate at which sediments are supplied is faster than the combined effect of the rate at which they are removed by waves and currents and the rate the delta area is subsiding. River load is discharged into a variety of depositional environments in the Gulf of Mexico. These environments are inter-related, gradational, and persist both laterally and through some depth of water. Sedimentary deposits being formed in these environments have different lithologic and petrographic characteristics but also are related and gradational. Differences between environmental factors and processes produce the lithologic and petrographic differences and also produce correlative differences in depositional rates. Continuing delta growth causes seaward migration of these environments and leads to the formation of deposits, or sediment units, of large areal extent which bear some predictable relationships to each other. Sedimentary units which are almost entirely the products of river-borne material in order of seaward occurrence are: (1) “marsh deposits,” (2) “delta front silts and sands,” (3) “prodelta silty clays,” and (4) “offshore clays.” These units are deposited approximately concentric to distributary mouths and are analogous to the topset, forset, and bottomset beds of classic delta description. Their characteristics depend to a large extent on the distance from source and depth of water. Another unit, “marginal deposits,” generally occurs between the deltaic clays and outlying sands from marine sources. Marginal deposits have characteristics transitional between the clays and the outlying sands.
Sandless Coastal Terrain of the Atchafalaya Bay Area, Louisiana
Abstract An investigation of the Recent sediments along the Texas coast has been centered around Rockport and Aransas Pass. Fifteen different environments of deposition have been defined in the bays, on the barrier islands and on the open continental shelf. Methods have been devised by which investigators can ordinarily classify into the correct environment of deposition test samples from the Texas coastal area. A variety of techniques is used in distinguishing the environments, a particularly effective system being based on estimation with a binocular microscope of the general composition of sieved sizes of the sand fraction of sediments. The grain-size characteristics of the sediments offer important supplementary information on the environments. The contained organisms, especially the Foraminifera, provide valuable independent evidence in finding the nature of the site of deposition. It seems likely that environments in ancient sediments like those now existing along the Texas coast could be dis-tinguished by similar methods, making it possible to find the direction of the sand masses constituting ancient barrier islands by determining the environment of deposition of sediment from core samples and outcrops. Among the diagnostic characteristics are the following: (1) approaches to the barrier islands are indicated by rapid increases in the sand content; (2) the muddy sediments of the bays differ from the muddy sediments of the open shelf by the appreciable glauconite and echinoid content of the latter; (3) the nearness to an entering river can often be determined by the high plant fiber content, by lamination, and by high ratios of Ostracoda to Foraminifera ; (4) the inner shelf deposits (inside about 20 fathoms) lack the abundant planktonic Foraminifera which characterize the outer shelf and both the total Foraminifera and shells increase in the outer shelf deposits. All of these characteristics apply to the central Texas coast area, probably apply also to most of the western Gulf coast, and possibly have a genera! application to all similar environments.
Dynamic Geology of the Modern Coastal Region, Northwest Gulf of Mexico
Abstract In the downdip Gulf Coastal Plain tectonic forces produce the primary features: alternating deltaic and inter-deltaic regions. The latter consist of the coastal lake-and-bay regions such as extend from Matagorda Bay to the upper Laguna Madre between the Brazos-Colorado and the Rio Grande deltas. The bays, lagoons, barriers, passes, and the sandsheet in southwest Texas are the secondary features. They reflect a delicate adjustment to the physicochemical environment. The principal agent of the physical environment is the surface wind. In addition to normal wind-work it controls the nontidal currents, surface waves, and the coastal-drifting processes. These distribute the sediments and shape the secondary features. When analyzing the importance of the wind a distinction must be made between prevailing winds, which blow most of the time, and predominant winds, which expend a greater amount of energy and usually do the greater amount of geologic work. There are three major environments: continental, transitional, and marine. They can be recognized in the subsurface if interpretative Stratigraphie methods are employed, utilizing lithology, paleontology and electric log data.
Particle-size Distribution in Nearshore Sediments
Section
Back Matter
Abstract For many years the primary function of the Research Committee of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Minerologists was to organize a symposium concerned with the most pertinent problems in sedimentary geology. This year (1955) the main theme centered on the characteristics of near shore deposition, particularly aimed toward recognition of ancient shorelines. The chairman that year was Dr. Henry W. Menard of the Navy Electronics Laboratory. Committee members selected the topic for the symposium, aided in selection of the speakers, and often participated in the program. The plan was to ask each speaker to present his paper in twenty minutes. Following the formal presentation a discussant, who has had opportunity to examine certain parts of the paper, was asked to comment. This approach led to some lively and focussed comments which benefited the entire presentation and is very interesting to read in that context. Papers included: Continental terrace sediments in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, Sediments of the eastern Mississippi Delta, Sandless coastal terrain of the Atchafalaya Bay area, Louisiana, Sediment zones bordering the barrier islands of central Texas coast, Dynamic geology of the modern coastal region, northwest Gulf of Mexico, Particle size distribution in nearshore sediments