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New Insights into the Evolution and Age of the Neoproterozoic Jebel Ohier Porphyry Copper Deposit, Red Sea Hills, Northeastern Sudan
Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) Deposits through Earth History: Implications for Origin, Lithospheric Setting, and Distinction from Other Epigenetic Iron Oxide Deposits
Abstract The Lachlan orogen developed as a classic accretionary orogen in an oceanic setting between the palaeo-Pacific subduction zone and the Australian craton. Direct evidence for the composition and age of the lower crust and the basement to the thick Palaeozoic turbidite fan of the Lachlan orogen is limited. Exposures of Cambrian metavolcanic rocks and geophysical data suggest that most of the basement is the mafic oceanic crust along with possible small fragments of older continental crust. The trace element compositions of Cambrian metavolcanic rocks in the western and central Lachlan orogen are similar to those of volcanic rocks formed in modern back-arc and forearc settings. Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic data from these Cambrian rocks suggest a supra-subduction zone setting with little or no influence of continental crust other than subducted sediment.
Transport and Precipitation of Gold in Phanerozoic Metamorphic Terranes from Chemical Modeling of Fluid-Rock Interaction
RECOGNITION OF THE HYDROTHERMAL FEEDER TO THE STRUCTURALLY INVERTED, GIANT BROKEN HILL DEPOSIT, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA
Bimodal Distribution of Gold in Pyrite and Arsenopyrite: Examples from the Archean Boorara and Bardoc Shear Systems, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia
The Touquoy Zone deposit: an example of “unusual” orogenic gold mineralisation in the Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada
Geodynamic settings of mineral deposit systems
Stable isotope (C, O, S) systematics in alteration haloes associatedwith orogenic gold mineralization in the Victorian gold province,SE Australia
The Role of Carbonaceous "Indicator" Slates in the Genesis of Lode Gold Mineralization in the Western Lachlan Orogen, Victoria, Southeastern Australia
Abstract Phanerozoic lode gold deposits are invariably associated with convergent plate margins and occur within close proximity to major translithospheric structures or compressional to transpressional-transtensional shear zones. The deposits are almost entirely structurally controlled and the nature of the immediate host rock does not generally play an integral part in ore formation. Nonetheless and unlike the majority of their Archean and Proterozoic analogues, Phanerozoic lode gold deposits are primarily hosted in several kilometer-thick sequences of marine sedimentary rocks which accumulated on pre-collision continental margins and/or in prograding arc-trench complexes. The sedimentary successions are commonly under lain by, and interspersed with, bimodal volcanogenic rocks which formed as a result of magmatic processes related to spreading, arc formation, plate collision, and subduction. The largest Phanerozoic lode gold systems are found in sub- to medium-grade greenschist metamorphosed terranes which have been caught up in the accretion of one or more allochthonous microplates and associated oceanic crust to an active continental margin. Mineralization in these collisional settings closely follows peak meta-morphism of the immediate host rocks and is temporally associated with exhumation of the orogen and addition of heat into the thickened crust via lithospheric delamination processes. Generation of CO 2 -rich aqueous ore-forming fluids involves metamorphic devolatilization of subcreted hydrated crust and the devel op ment of laterally and vertically extensive hydrothermal plumbing systems. Rich Phanerozoic lode gold deposits display a very close spatial and temporal relationship with syn- to post-tectonic felsic intrusive rocks but generally predate the emplacement of the granitoids. The deposits typically consist of quartz gold lodes in fault and shear systems at or above the brittle-ductile transition and form at P-T conditions of 1 to 3kbars and 250° to 400°C: they are characterized by relatively straightforward parageneses and a lack of pronounced vertical mineral or ore zonation. Episodic brittle reactivation in response to short-lived tectonic pulses is common and can result in remobilization of pre-existing mineralization and the formation of secondary lode systems. Alteration halos around Phanerozoic lode gold systems vary from a few centimeters to several tens of meters and reflect variations in the host-rock lithology and reactivity, permeability and porosity, orientation of bedding in metasedimentary rocks relative to auriferous veins, and fluid composition. On the deposit scale, lithogeochemical information obtained from wall-rock alteration assemblages represents by far the most valuable exploration tool. Broad bleached zones characterized by carbonate, sulfide, and sericite altera tion surrounding mineralized zones provide an exploration target of increased magnitude. Geochemical traverses generally indicate depletion of Na 2 O and increased values of CO 2 , H 2 O, K 2 O, S, As, Au, and possibly Sb, within five to several tens of meters from the auriferous lodes.