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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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Primary terms
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biography (3)
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earthquakes (2)
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geology (1)
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geophysics (1)
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seismology (2)
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DAVID ROGER OLDROYD, 1936-2014
Earth, sky and prayer in harmony: aspects of the interesting life of Father Edward Pigot, SJ, BA, MB, BCh (1858–1929), Part 2 (1911–1929)
EARTH, SKY AND PRAYER IN HARMONY. ASPECTS OF THE INTERESTING LIFE OF FATHER EDWARD PIGOT, SJ, BA, MB, BCh (1858–1929), A JESUIT SEISMOLOGIST: PART 1
Some nineteenth- and twentieth-century Australian geological clerics
Abstract Despite the wide diversity of beliefs, personalities and geological expertise of 10 ‘clerical geologists’ of varying Christian denominations who worked in Australia, mainly during the nineteenth century, there is little indication that they saw any contradiction between a belief in a divine being and the pursuit of geology. There was a continuity of these attitudes throughout the century, within the changing social and professional geological environment as Australia moved from being a set of independent colonies to a federation. Four of the ‘clerical geologists’, Johannes Menge, W. B. Clarke, J. E. Tenison Woods and Walter Howchin, made significant contributions to geological science, which deserve to be better known internationally.
Abstract The study of the Quaternary events that shaped the surface of Australia cannot be separated from the previous 60 Ma of the Tertiary. This history has only begun to be clearly understood since about 1950. Explorers from the late seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century laid the groundwork for the later understanding by their observations, particularly under difficult conditions, and by their attempts to interpret what they recorded. The western and southwestern coasts provided evidence of relative uplift of land, while the northeastern coast (the Great Barrier Reef) indicated evidence of the opposite. Explorers of various nationalities provided the evidence. Knowledge of the dry inland began to emerge from the 1830s, with puzzlement about ‘hard crusts’. Evidence of limited Pleistocene glaciation and relatively young, but quite extensive, volcanic activity took somewhat longer to evaluate. A major interest for European savants was the discovery, in the late 1820s, of cave deposits of extinct vertebrates.
Geology and the artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, mainly Florentine
The role of Leonardo da Vinci as the originator of landscape painting and his significance as a pioneer of geological thought and practice have been discussed by numerous authors. Leonardo was not alone, and the Florence region was a center, in the late fifteenth century, for artists interested in landscape and geology. Some art historians have emphasized the influence of Jan van Eyck on Florentine painters, placing special emphasis on his Stigmata of Saint Francis . The rock exposure in this painting is said to have been copied by many Florentine artists. However, there are many rock exposures around Florence that provided sites for observant artists. Francesco Botticini's Assumption and Crowning of the Virgin shows the Arno valley landscape, with the city of Florence in the far distance, but readily recognizable. Illuminated manuscripts have been relatively unstudied by geological historians. A large illustration by Gherado and Monte di Giovanni (ca. 1490) depicts a portion of Florence and its walls, partly obscured by an extraordinary small hill of carefully depicted graded or alternating bedded rocks, surmounted by a waterfall, this hill forming the centerpiece of the painting. It is possibly unique from an artistic point of view. The interest in geological features shown by so many Florentine artists of the period foreshadowed the important geological principles set out so clearly by Steno a century or more later; based on his observations in the region, Steno laid the foundations for the theoretical development of modern stratigraphy. Indeed, the writings of Leonardo seem to have clearly anticipated Steno's thoughts.