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Unconformity-bounded rift sequences in Terreneuvian‒Miaolingian strata of the Caledonian Highlands, Atlantic Canada
ABSTRACT Forty-three new U-Pb zircon ages from metasedimentary and igneous rock units throughout the Cobequid Highlands of northern mainland Nova Scotia, Canada, provide new insights into the Neoproterozoic evolution of this long-enigmatic part of Avalonia in the northern Appalachian orogen. Contrasts in ages and rock types resulted in the identification of fault-bounded Neoproterozoic assemblages of units forming the Bass River, Jeffers, and Mount Ephraim blocks. In the Bass River block, quartzite, metawacke, and minor calc-silicate rocks and marble (Gamble Brook Formation) with a maximum depositional age of 945 ± 12 Ma are associated with subaqueous mafic volcanic rocks, siltstone, and ironstone (Folly River Formation) and intruded by 615–600 Ma calc-alkalic subduction-related dioritic to granitic rocks of the Bass River plutonic suite. The contrasting Jeffers block forms most of the Cobequid Highlands and consists mainly of intermediate to felsic volcanic, epiclastic, and minor plutonic rocks. The western and eastern areas of that block yielded ages mainly ca. 607–592 Ma for both volcanic and plutonic rocks, whereas the central area has ages of ca. 630–625 Ma from both volcanic and plutonic rocks and inheritance in overlying Devonian conglomerate. The Mount Ephraim block forms the eastern part of the highlands and includes possible ca. 800 Ma quartzofeldspathic, semipelitic and pelitic gneiss and schist of the Mount Thom Formation, ca. 752 Ma volcanic arc rocks of the Dalhousie Mountain Formation and related 752–730 Ma gabbroic/dioritic to granitic plutons of the Mount Ephraim plutonic suite and Six Mile Brook pluton, as well as ca. 631 Ma granitoid rocks of the Gunshot Brook pluton. The pre–750 Ma high-grade regional metamorphism and deformation and 752–730 Ma subduction-related magmatism recorded in the Mount Ephraim block were previously unrecognized in Avalonia. Evidence from zircon inheritance and Sm-Nd isotopic data in igneous units suggests linkages among these now-separate areas, and comparison with other parts of Avalonia in the northern Appalachian orogen suggests similarity to southeastern New England.
ABSTRACT Avalonia and Ganderia are composite microcontinental fragments in the northern Appalachian orogen likely derived from Gondwanan sources. Avalonia includes numerous Neoproterozoic magmatic arc sequences that represent protracted and episodic subduction-related magmatism before deposition of an Ediacaran–Ordovician cover sequence of mainly siliciclastic rocks. We characterized the nature of the basement on which these arcs were constructed using zircon grains from arc-related magmatic rocks in Atlantic Canada that were analyzed for their Lu-Hf isotope composition. The majority of zircon grains from Avalonia are characterized by initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf values that are more radiogenic than chondritic uniform reservoir, and calculated crust formation Hf T DM (i.e., depleted mantle) model ages range from 1.2 to 0.8 Ga. These data contrast with those from Ganderia, which show typically positive initial εHf values and Hf T DM model ages that imply magmatism was derived by melting of crustal sources with diverse ages ranging from ca. 1.8 to 1.0 Ga. The positive distribution of initial εHf values along with the pattern of Hf T DM model ages provide a clear record of two distinct subduction systems. Cryogenian–Ediacaran magmatism is interpreted to have resulted from reworking of an evolved Mesoproterozoic crustal component in a long-lived, subduction-dominated accretionary margin along the margin of northern Amazonia. A change in Hf isotope trajectory during the Ediacaran implies a greater contribution of isotopically evolved material consistent with an arc-arc–style collision of Ganderia with Avalonia. The shallow-sloping Hf isotopic pattern for Paleozoic Ganderian magmatism remains continuous for ~200 m.y., consistent with tectonic models of subduction in the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans and episodic accretion of juvenile crustal terranes to Laurentia.
Constraints on the age of Archaeozoon acadiense and evidence for hydrothermally transported zircon in the Ashburn Formation (Green Head Group), Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
Meguma terrane orocline: U–Pb age and paleomagnetism of the Silurian Mavillette gabbro, Nova Scotia, Canada
Petrology, age, and tectonic setting of the rapakivi-bearing Margaree pluton, Cape Breton Island, Canada: evidence for a Late Devonian posttectonic cryptic silicic-mafic magma chamber
U–Pb (zircon) ages and provenance of the White Rock Formation of the Rockville Notch Group, Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada: evidence for the “Sardian gap” and West African origin
Does Tungsten Availability Control the Presence of Tungsten in Turbidite-hosted Orogenic Gold Mineralization? Evidence from the Meguma and Bendigo-ballarat Terranes
Detrital zircon evidence for Paleoproterozoic West African crust along the eastern North American continental margin, Georges Bank, offshore Massachusetts, USA
Remnants of Early Mesozoic basalt of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada
Acritarchs from the Hanford Brook Formation, New Brunswick, Canada: new biochronological constraints on the Protolenus elegans Zone and the Cambrian Series 2–3 transition
Effects of fluid flow, cooling and deformation as recorded by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, Rb–Sr and zircon fission track ages in very low- to low-grade metamorphic rocks in Avalonian SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, Canada)
Structural setting and age of the Partridge Island block, southern New Brunswick, Canada: a link to the Cobequid Highlands of northern mainland Nova Scotia
Discussion of the reply by R.L. Romer and U. Kroner on “Geochemical signature of Ordovician Mn-rich sedimentary rocks on the Avalonian shelf” 1 Appears in Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 49 (6): 775–780, 10.1139/e2012-006 .
Discussion of "Geochemical signature of Ordovician Mn-rich sedimentary rocks on the Avalonian shelf"
Cambrian acritarchs from the Bourinot belt, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia: age and stratigraphic implications 1 This article is one of a series of papers published in CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.
TEXTURE AND COMPOSITION OF GARNET AS A GUIDE TO CONTAMINATION OF GRANITOID PLUTONS: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE GOVERNOR LAKE AREA, MEGUMA TERRANE, NOVA SCOTIA
Cambrian successions of the Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, and Harlech Dome, North Wales: dispersed fragments of a peri-Gondwanan basin?
The evolutionary significance of a Lower Cambrian trace-fossil assemblage from the Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia
Meguma, the most outboard northern Appalachian terrane, is characterized by Upper Neoproterozoic to Lower Ordovician turbiditic rocks that have an exposed thickness of more than 11 km. As a result of geological mapping, combined with petrological studies, the stratigraphy of these rocks has been redefined. The traditional twofold division into the meta-sandstone–dominated Goldenville Group and the overlying slate-dominated Halifax Group is retained, but the Chebogue Point shear zone divides these groups into western and southern stratigraphic packages containing different formations. In both packages, psammitic rocks are dominantly feldspathic wacke, and they have mineralogical compositions indicative of deposition in an active margin from a source dominated by quartz and plagioclase; rare conglomeratic units contain mainly psammitic clasts with some mafic through felsic volcanic clasts, and rare tonalite clasts. In the southern area, psammitic units tend to contain more quartz and grade to arenite. Although fine material increases in relative abundance, little change in provenance up section is indicated by petrography of psammitic rocks. Chemical compositions of 116 psammitic and pelitic samples from the western area and 471 from the larger southern area are consistent with the petrographic data. Their compositions are indicative of derivation from felsic to intermediate igneous material, and the depositional environment was probably in a rift along the Gond wanan margin. It is likely that Pan-African orogenic belts containing recycled sediments from older cratons were major contributors to the sediments, rather than sediments being derived directly from large ancient cratonic areas.