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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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United States
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Palo Duro Basin (1)
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Texas
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East Texas Basin (1)
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elements, isotopes
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Ogallala Formation (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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middle Eocene
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Carrizo Sand (1)
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Queen City Formation (1)
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Wilcox Group (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Gulfian
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Woodbine Formation (1)
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Dockum Group (1)
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Primary terms
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Ogallala Formation (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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middle Eocene
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Carrizo Sand (1)
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Queen City Formation (1)
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Wilcox Group (1)
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engineering geology (2)
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environmental geology (1)
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ground water (2)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Gulfian
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Woodbine Formation (1)
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Dockum Group (1)
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pollution (1)
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United States
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Palo Duro Basin (1)
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Texas
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East Texas Basin (1)
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waste disposal (2)
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Abstract Ground water is an important natural resource in the Gulf of Mexico region. Although the region as a whole is relatively rich in water resources, water availability and quality vary dramatically throughout the area. Water resources include rivers—the Chattahoochee, Alabama, Mississippi, Sabine, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, Rio Grande, and Grijalva—and the immense groundwater resources that are the focus of this chapter. Many major cities in the Gulf of Mexico basin (e.g., Miami, in Florida; Memphis, in Tennessee; Gulfport and Baton Rouge, in Louisiana; and Houston and San Antonio, in Texas) rely chiefly on ground water. Climate varies from moist temperature or subtropical to semiarid conditions, and while population densities (and water-resource demands) vary from minimal to intense, it can be stated that fresh, potable water is the mineral resource in greatest demand. Its continued availability in the region will require special attention in the near future. As elsewhere, the foremost challenge is the provision of adequate quantities of good-quality water, but several special problems exist in the region, including salt-water intrusion and subsidence. An understanding of the hydrogeologic setting of aquifers in the Gulf of Mexico basin is required to preserve and fully utilize this valuable resource. Aquifers in the Gulf of Mexico basin area (Fig. 1) may be grouped into the following categories: clastic sediments dipping toward the center of the basin; the major carbonate systems of Florida, Texas, and Yucatan; and less importantly, major alluvial aquifers, island aquifers, and volcanic aquifers. The thick section of predominantly Cenozoic clastic sediments
Regional Hydrogeologic Research in the Palo Duro Basin for Nuclear-Waste Repository Siting
Abstract Petrographic and geochemical studies of cap-rock core of two salt domes, Gyp Hill in South Texas and Oakwood in East Texas, reveal significantly different diagenetic histories for each dome. Cap rock on Gyp Hill is now forming within shallow meteoric aquifers. In contrast, cap rock on Oakwood Dome formed principally during the geologic past within deeper saline aquifers in the East Texas Basin. Gyp Hill cap rock, which is 271 m (890 ft) thick, is composed of 149 m (490 ft) of anhydrite overlain by 122 m (400 ft) of gypsum. An uncemented anhydrite sand marks the salt/cap-rock interface. From 4 m (13 ft) above the interface to the top of the anhydrite, porosity is occluded by poikilotopic gypsum cement. Occurrence of gypsum cement indicates low-temperature and low-salinity conditions during cap-rock formation, that is, dome dissolution in a shallow meteoric aquifer. The overlying gypsum results from hydration of anhydrite by meteoric ground water. Oakwood cap rock, which is 137 m (450 ft) thick, is composed of 78 m (256 ft) of anhydrite overlain by 59 m (194 ft) of calcite. In contrast to Gyp Hill anhydrite, the Oakwood anhydrite is entirely devoid of gypsum cements except that the interface between anhydrite and calcite. The anhydrite has been deformed and recrystallized into a moderately well-developed granoblastic texture that is indicative of high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The anhydrite section is thought to have formed by salt dissolution at deep, high-temperature, saline conditions. Petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic evidence from the dark calcite indicates that it is the product of calcium sulfate reduction by hydrocarbons in a saline, deep-basinal fluid. Another deep-basinal fluid more enriched in Sr, Ba, Mg, and Mn, dissolved dark calcite, which reprecipitated as coarsely-crystalline light calcite. The only effect of meteoric water on the Oakwood cap rock is the presence of gypsum in the calcite/anhydrite transition zone.