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Abstract The Babbage gas field was discovered in 1988 by exploration well 48/2-2 which drilled into the Permian-age lower Leman Sandstone Formation below a salt wall. Seismic imaging is compromised by the presence of this salt wall, which runs east–west across the southern part of the structure, creating uncertainties in depth conversion and in the in-place volumes. Pre-stack depth migration with beam and reverse time migrations appropriate for the complex salt geometry provided an uplift in subsalt seismic imaging, enabling the development of the field, which is located at the northern edge of the main reservoir fairway in a mixed aeolian–fluvial setting. Advances in artificial fracturing technology were also critical to the development: in this area, deep burial is associated with the presence of pore-occluding clays, which reduce the reservoir permeability to sub-millidarcy levels. The Babbage Field was sanctioned in 2008, based on an in-place volume range of 248–582 bcf; first production was in 2010. It produces from five horizontal development wells that were artificially fracced to improve deliverability of gas from the tight matrix. None of the wells has drilled the gas–water contact, which remains a key uncertainty to the in-place volumes, along with depth-conversion uncertainty below the salt wall.
The Rhyl Field, Block 113/27b, UK East Irish Sea
Abstract The Rhyl Field is located in the offshore East Irish Sea Basin, approximately 30 km to the west of Barrow-in-Furness. Rhyl is one of the producing gas fields forming the Morecambe Hub development, operated by Spirit Energy. The Rhyl reservoir is the Ormskirk Sandstone Formation of Triassic age which regionally comprises four depositional facies types: aeolian, fluvial, sandflat and playa. The depositional system provides excellent reservoir properties that are impacted by a diagenetic history of authigenic illitization and quartz overgrowths. The northern boundary of the field is located underneath the Fleetwood Dyke Complex, resulting in significant imaging and depth-conversion uncertainty. This has been addressed by dyke mapping and manual depth corrections to seismic processing. The trapping mechanism at the southern boundary of the field is also unclear; the dip-closed structural spill point as mapped at the southern boundary appears shallower than the log-derived gas–water contact. Rhyl gas contains a significant inert content: 37% CO 2 and 7% N 2 . The field's production rate has been limited to approximately 40 MMscfgd by the CO 2 processing limit of the onshore gas terminal. Material balance studies have yielded a satisfactory understanding of connected gas in place, recoverable reserves and dynamic field behaviour.