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NARROW
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Europe
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metamorphic rocks
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deformation (1)
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Europe
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United States
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Paradox Basin (1)
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Utah
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Grand County Utah
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well-logging (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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siliciclastics (1)
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siliciclastics (1)
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Normal fault geometric attribute variations with lithology: examples from the Norwegian Barents Sea
Abstract The geometry of faults exposed in the field is at least partly controlled by host-rock lithology. However, little work has been published on the effect of lithology on the geometry of very large faults imaged in seismic data. This paper presents such a study for seismic-scale faults in the Norwegian Barents Sea. Gamma-ray data are used to extract clay volumes of the host rock. These clay volume logs are used to populate 3D seismic cubes with lithology information. Finally, the clay volume cubes are co-rendered with seismic coherence cubes using opacity blending. This makes it possible to visualize both lithology information and fault geometries in the same volume. Intervals of different lithologies are studied in order to compare fault geometries. The results show some differences between claystone-rich intervals and the more sandstone-dominated intervals. The fault zone is more segmented and wider in the claystones, while the sandy intervals are narrower and more localized with less segmentation. Larger displacement faults penetrate into deeper stratigraphic levels than smaller displacement faults, and their basal tips are unrelated to lithological decoupling.
Fault zone architecture and its scaling laws: where does the damage zone start and stop?
Abstract Damage zones of different fault types are investigated in siliciclastics (Utah, USA), carbonates (Majella Mountain, Italy) and metamorphic rocks (western Norway). The study was conducted taking measurements of deformation features such as fractures and deformation bands on multiple 1D scanlines along fault walls. The resulting datasets are used to plot the frequency distribution of deformation features and to constrain the geometrical width of the damage zone for the studied faults. The damage-zone width of a single fault is constrained by identifying the changes in the slope of cumulative plots made on the frequency data. The cumulative plot further shows high deformation frequency by a steep slope (inner damage zone) and less deformation as a gentle slope (outer damage zone). Statistical distributions of displacement and damage-zone width and their relationship are improved, and show two-slope power-law distributions with a break point at c. 100 m displacement. Bleached sandstones in the studied siliciclastic rocks of Utah are associated with a higher frequency of deformation bands and a wider damage zone compared to the unbleached zone of similar lithology. Fault damage zones in the carbonate rocks of Majella are often host to open fractures (karst), demonstrating that they can also be conductive to fluid flow.