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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Europe
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Carpathians
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Polish Carpathians (1)
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Central Europe
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Magura Nappe (1)
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Poland
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Polish Carpathians (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Appalachians
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Southern Appalachians (2)
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Valley and Ridge Province (1)
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United States
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Alabama (1)
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Colorado
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Eagle County Colorado (1)
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Georgia (1)
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Tennessee (1)
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fossils
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ichnofossils
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Cruziana (1)
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Planolites (1)
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Skolithos (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (2)
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Textulariina (1)
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microfossils (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Rome Formation (1)
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian
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Minturn Formation (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Primary terms
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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Europe
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Carpathians
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Polish Carpathians (1)
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Central Europe
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Magura Nappe (1)
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Poland
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Polish Carpathians (1)
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ichnofossils
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Cruziana (1)
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Planolites (1)
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Skolithos (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (2)
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Textulariina (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Appalachians
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Southern Appalachians (2)
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Valley and Ridge Province (1)
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paleoecology (3)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Rome Formation (1)
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian
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Minturn Formation (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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sedimentary petrology (1)
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sedimentary rocks (2)
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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bioturbation (1)
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lebensspuren (1)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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cross-bedding (1)
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sedimentation (1)
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United States
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Alabama (1)
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Colorado
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Eagle County Colorado (1)
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Georgia (1)
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Tennessee (1)
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rock formations
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Red Mountain Formation (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks (2)
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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bioturbation (1)
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lebensspuren (1)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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cross-bedding (1)
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Abstract The Red Mountain Formation is an unconformity-bounded unit including all Silurian strata in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province of Alabama and Georgia. It is also host to the well-known Birmingham iron-ore field. The formation is divided by paraconformities into six members that generally coincide with depositional sequences. From biostratigraphy, the lower four members are established as Llandoverian: Taylor Ridge (Rhuddanian), Duck Springs (? early Aeronian), Birmingham (middle Aeronian-early Telychian), and Ruffner (late Telychian). Upper members are: Rocky Row (Wenlockian) and Sparks Gap (Pridolian). Facies indicate deposition on a storm-dominated shelf with coarse-grained, cross-bedded sandstone in the shoreface passing seaward into hummocky cross-bedded sandstone and shale on the inner shelf, and interbedded shale and graded sandstone or limestone (storm beds) on the outer shelf. Unless truncated by erosion, all Llandoverian sequences consist of thin retrogradational facies successions in transgressive systems tracts and thick progradational successions in highstand systems tracts. Accommodation on the shelf was provided by a combination of flexural subsidence, driven by tectonic loading of the Appalachian orogen during waning stages of the Taconic orogeny and glacial eustasy. It is possible to recognize similar lithofacies and sequences at least as far north as New York State. Coarse-grained, ferruginous, cross-bedded sandstones (ironstones) occur as sharp-based shoreface facies associated with sequence boundaries; at the base of the transgressive systems tract, or making up the lowstand systems tract or falling stage systems tract. Such shoreface deposits are commonly highly condensed with ooids of hematite-chamosite and skeletal debris coated and replaced by hematite. Mineralization was evidently favored by periods of sediment starvation and reworking on wave (transgressive systems tract) and tidal (lowstand systems tract) ravinement surfaces. However, the richest ores in the Birmingham district (Big and Irondale seams) developed in a falling stage systems tract apparently as a consequence of meteoric diagenesis during forced regression.
Trilobites in early Cambrian tidal flats and the landward expansion of the Cambrian Explosion: REPLY
Trilobites in early Cambrian tidal flats and the landward expansion of the Cambrian explosion
Arthrodendron maguricum n. sp., a New Larger Agglutinated Foraminifer from the Eocene Magura Flysch of the Polish Carpathians and its Relationship to Komokiaceans and Trace Fossils
Ringgold Gap: Progradational sequences in the Ordovician and Silurian of northwest Georgia
Abstract North end of Taylor Ridge, on south side of I-75, southeast of Chattanooga, Tennessee, 10 mi (16 km) southeast from junction of I-24 and I-75. Catoosa County, Georgia, Ringgold 7½-minute quadrangle. Accessible from I-75 or via frontage road eastward from the western of two Ringgold exits (Georgia 151, Fig. 1). The cut may be conveniently examined away from traffic on the first or second terrace.