Abstract Maritime spatial planning, management of marine resources, environmental assessments and forecasting all require good seabed maps. Similarly there is a need to support the objectives to achieve Good Environmental Status in Europe's seas by 2020, set up by the European Commission's Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Hence the European Commission established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) programme in 2009, which is now in its fourth phase (2019–21). The programme is designed to assemble existing, but fragmented and partly inaccessible, marine data and to create contiguous and publicly available information layers which are interoperable and free of restrictions on use, and which encompass whole marine basins. The EMODnet Geology project is delivering integrated geological map products that include seabed substrates, sedimentation rates, seafloor geology, Quaternary geology, geomorphology, coastal behaviour, geological events such as submarine landslides and earthquakes, and marine mineral occurrences. Additionally, as a new product during the ongoing and preceding phase of the project, map products on submerged landscapes of the European continental shelf have been compiled at various time frames. All new map products have a resolution of 1:100 000, although finer resolution is presented where the underlying data permit. A multi-scale approach is adopted whenever possible. Numerous national seabed mapping programmes worldwide have demonstrated the necessity for proper knowledge of the seafloor. Acting on this, the European Commission established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) programme in 2009. The national geological survey organizations of Europe have a strong network of marine geological teams through the Marine Geology Expert Group of the association of European geological surveys (Eurogeosurveys). This network was the foundation of the EMODnet Geology consortium which today consists of the national geological surveys of Finland, the UK, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Russia, Germany, Montenegro and Iceland, as well as marine teams of research organizations in Portugal (IPMA), Bulgaria (IO-BAS), Romania (GeoEcoMar), the UK (CEFAS), Greece (HCMR) and Ukraine (PSRGE, replaced in the fourth phase by Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine). The consortium is further strengthened with experts from six universities: Edge Hill University (UK), Sapienza University of Rome (Italy), University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Crete through FORTH-ICS, Institute of Marine Science and Technology of Dokuz Eylul University (Turkey), and EMCOL Research Centre of Istanbul Technical University – altogether, 30 partners and nine subcontractors. The EMODnet Geology programme is now in its fourth phase, which started in September 2019. In addition to geological information, the wider EMODnet programme aims to also bring together information from European seas on seabed habitats, physical properties, chemistry, biology, human activities and hydrography. This paper describes the EMODnet Geology project and the different end products which were delivered in the end of the third phase and will be further developed during the recent fourth phase of the project.

Abstract The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Project provides freely available data on European seas. The main purpose of EMODnet is to overcome the fragmentation and dishomogeneity of the available data, providing access to a harmonized and interoperable database. The EMODnet Geology Lot includes information at multiple scales on the seabed and its substrate ( http://www.emodnet-geology.eu/ ). The dataset on ‘Geological events and probabilities’ collects information on landslides, earthquakes, volcanic structures, active tectonics, tsunamis and fluid emissions. The Geological Survey of Italy, which coordinates the collation of ‘Geological events and probabilities’ data, provided guidelines to compile layers complemented by comprehensive and detailed patterns of attributes for each feature in order to characterize each type of geological event. Occurrences of events are often associated with each other, particularly in tectonically active areas. Geological events affect both submerged and coastal environments. Data gathered by EMODnet Geology provide a good basis for further studies, contributing to the outlining of different tectonic settings and providing support to the use of marine resources, as well as to the management of marine-coastal areas particularly regarding the identification and assessment of geological and environmental hazards.

Abstract The Barla Dağ area of southwestern Turkey and its surroundings represent one of the most characteristic Tethyan regions in which the unique characteristics of the Jurassic radiolarite deposits permit detailed study of this enigmatic facies. Hitherto, radiolarites of Western Tethys have not been studied in sufficient detail to yield the information required for unequivocal interpretation of this siliceous sedimentary event. Moreover, few of the occurrences of Tethyan radiolarites during the Jurassic have been adequately explained by palaeoenvironmental causes deduced from facies analysis. In the Barla Dağ area, the main radiolarite episode began after the ‘main gap’ or mid-Late Jurassic discontinuity, a 25 Ma hiatus extending from the Early Bajocian to the Kimmeridgian. These radiolarites are interbedded with biocalcarenites characterized by shallow-water shells. They formed in a ramp environment subject to strong storm oscillatory movements and were deposited within, or just below, wave base. Pre-existing platforms were converted into ramp settings by a widespread drowning episode, mainly following postulated regional warping that led to creation of the ‘main gap’. Coincident with this event, the differentiation of rimmed platform lagoonal organisms and typical ramp inhabitants, such as Tubiphytes , took place. Furthermore, nearby platforms, unaffected by the extensional faulting (e.g. the Davras Dağ), were sites of carbonate accumulation receiving only a few radiolarians. On the other hand, displaced shallow-water organisms of the same age (typical of the restricted lagoons flanking the rimmed platforms such as pfenderinas, kurnubias and Clypeina jurassica ) are absent from the sequences of calcarenites interbedded with radiolarian cherts. Replacement of deep basins by ramps is indicated by the changing depositional bathymetry of some radiolarites. It is tentatively attributed to the extension of shallow seas and narrowing of the oceanic realm between Eurasian and African Plates in Western Tethys.