Abstract This introductory chapter presents the state of the art in the multidisciplinary research field of asbestos and mineral fibres in general. The book describes the world of mineral fibres with its huge complexity and poorly understood, detrimental bio-chemical interaction with the human body. The approach of the chemist/mineralogist/crystallographer adopts the perspective of the fibre itself (the invader of the body) whereas the approach of the bio-chemist/toxicologist/physician adopts the perspective of the organism (the invaded) interacting with the fibre. Both perspectives must be considered in synergy in an attempt to outline a conclusive model explaining the toxicity of mineral fibres, and provide a robust scientific basis that can be used by political and social partners to resolve finally the global issue of asbestos.

Abstract This chapter deals with the crystal structure of regulated and unregulated mineral fibres. The aim is to provide readers, both specialists and researchers broadly interested in environmental problems, with up-to-date information on a topic that is expanding daily. The chapter describes specifically the structure of the fibrous modification whenever available and outlines possible differences from the corresponding prismatic variety. Details of the experimental techniques used for structure determination/refinement are reported also, if appropriate, to outline the experimental difficulties faced due to the small dimensions, sensitivity and chemical complexity of mineral fibres.

Abstract This chapter deals with the synthesis and thermal stability of mineral fibres. The different structural assemblages within mineral fibres and their resistance to high temperature changes from species to species. In general, the formation of such minerals takes place in hydrothermal environments. The thermal decomposition process consists of three main stages: the loss of water adsorbed on the surface of the fibre and the zeolitic water below 200–250°C; the removal of the structure water (the hydroxyl groups) in the range 500–1100°C and recrystallization into new stable crystalline phases. The thermal stability of chrysotile, amphiboles fibres and erionite will be described in detail and will be followed by specific sections describing how the concept of thermal decomposition is used for the remediation of wastes containing asbestos to produce secondary raw materials to be recycled in various industrial application.

Abstract This chapter provides a comprehensive description of the physical, chemical, biological and mineralogical parameters that play a role in determining the toxicity and pathogenicity of mineral fibres. The first steps towards a general toxicity/pathogenicity model of mineral fibres are described here. Eventually the model can be generalized and may be applied to biodurable man-made mineral fibres and other natural and synthetic fibres in addition to silicates. Because of the complexity of the topic, a truly multidisciplinary approach is essential. A concept that will be stressed in the final notes of the chapter is that a full understanding of the toxicity/pathogenicity of mineral fibres aimed at finding effective solutions for the prevention and treatment of asbestos-related diseases can only be the outcome if an holistic approach is applied which takes advantage of synergistic research activity and communication between biochemists, mineralogists/crystallographers, pathologists, physicians, physicists and toxicologists, all sharing their distinct but interrelated perspectives. This is a great challenge for all such scientific individuals to work together to resolve and develop predictive models that incorporate their research findings and conclusions.