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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Canterbury New Zealand (1)
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Hydrogeophysical investigations in the western and north-central Okavango Delta (Botswana) based on helicopter and ground-based transient electromagnetic data and electrical resistance tomography
Constraining helicopter electromagnetic models of the Okavango Delta with seismic-refraction and seismic-reflection data
Paleo-megalake and paleo-megafan in southern Africa
Processing and inversion of commercial helicopter time-domain electromagnetic data for environmental assessments and geologic and hydrologic mapping
Seismic monitoring of radioactive waste repositories
Imaging and quantifying salt-tracer transport in a riparian groundwater system by means of 3D ERT monitoring
Receiver-coupling effects in seismic waveform inversions
Source-generated noise in shallow seismic data
Abstract To simulate seismic images of a highly heterogeneous and anelastic shallow subsurface requires full waveform techniques that properly account for scattering and attenuation. A viscoelastic finite-difference technique is employed to quantify the effects that typical near-surface features (i. e., approximately the uppermost 20 m) have on high-resolution seismic refraction and reflection data. Guided waves, ground roll and energy scattered from shallow heterogeneities and surface topography are forms of source-generated noise that may affect data quality. Dispersion of guided waves narrows the ‘optimum reflection window’ between the first arrivals and the ground roll, and the intrinsically shingled nature of guided waves may lead to mis-picking of first breaks for refraction analyses and difficulties in identifying and processing shallow reflections. Numerical modeling demonstrates that even minor topographic features may cause significant scattering of guided waves and ground roll from the earth’s surface. The scattered energy appears as ubiquitous source-generated noise that interferes with reflections and diffractions throughout the seismic record. The amount of noise generated by this scattering mechanism, and thus its impact on the imaging of subsurface structures, depends critically on the degree of attenuation in the uppermost layers.