Laverovite, K (sub 2) NaMn (sub 7) Zr (sub 2) (Si (sub 4) O (sub 12) ) (sub 2) O (sub 2) (OH) (sub 4) F; a new astrophyllite-supergroup mineral from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada
Laverovite, K (sub 2) NaMn (sub 7) Zr (sub 2) (Si (sub 4) O (sub 12) ) (sub 2) O (sub 2) (OH) (sub 4) F; a new astrophyllite-supergroup mineral from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada
The Canadian Mineralogist (March 2019) 57 (2): 201-213
- aegirine
- albite
- alkali feldspar
- analcime
- astrophyllite
- Canada
- chain silicates
- chemical composition
- clinopyroxene
- crystal structure
- crystal systems
- Eastern Canada
- electron probe data
- feldspar group
- formula
- framework silicates
- FTIR spectra
- igneous rocks
- infrared spectra
- lattice parameters
- Mont-Saint-Hilaire Quebec
- nepheline syenite
- new minerals
- optical properties
- orthoclase
- peralkalic composition
- physical properties
- plagioclase
- plutonic rocks
- pyroxene group
- Quebec
- Rouville County Quebec
- silicates
- space groups
- spectra
- syenites
- triclinic system
- unit cell
- X-ray diffraction data
- zeolite group
- kupletskite
- zircophyllite
- laverovite
Laverovite (IMA 2017-009b), ideally K (sub 2) NaMn (sub 7) Zr (sub 2) (Si (sub 4) O (sub 12) ) (sub 2) O2(OH) (sub 4) F, is a kupletskite-group (astrophyllite-supergroup) mineral from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Associated minerals are zircophyllite, kupletskite, astrophyllite, aegirine, analcime, orthoclase, and albite. Laverovite is brown, transparent in thin grains, and has a vitreous luster. Mohs hardness is 3, D (sub calc.) = 3.367 g/cm (super 3) . Laverovite is biaxial (-) with refractive indices (lambda = 589 nm) alpha = 1.670(2), beta = 1.710(5), gamma = 1.740(5); 2V (sub meas.) = 82(2) degrees , 2V (sub calc.) = 80 degrees , strong dispersion: r > v. Cleavage is perfect parallel to {001}. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave Nb (sub 2) O (sub 5) 0.56, ZrO (sub 2) 9.78, TiO (sub 2) 4.69, SiO (sub 2) 33.52, Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) 0.94, SrO 0.13, ZnO 0.07, FeO 13.94, MnO 20.51, CaO 0.48, MgO 0.76, Cs (sub 2) O 0.05, K (sub 2) O 6.00, Na (sub 2) O 2.28, F 1.80, H (sub 2) O (sub calc.) 2.57, sum 97.32 wt.%; H (sub 2) O was calculated from crystal-structure analysis. The empirical formula based on 31.15 (O + F) apfu with [OH + F = 5 pfu and H (sub 2) O = 0.15 pfu] is (K (sub 1.78) Sr (sub 0.02) Cs (sub 0.01) (sub 0.19) ) (sub Sigma 2) ( (sub 1.85) Na (sub 0.15) ) (sub Sigma 2) (Na (sub 0.8 8) Ca (sub 0.12 ) ) (sub Sigma 1) (Mn (sub 4.03) Fe (super 2+) (sub 2.71) Mg (sub 0.25) Zn (sub 0.01) ) (sub Sigma 7) (Zr (sub 1.11) Ti (sub 0.82) Nb (sub 0 .06) Mg (sub 0.01 ) ) (sub Sigma 2) [(Si (sub 7.78) Al (sub 0.26) ) (sub Sigma 8.04) O (sub 24) ]O (sub 2) [(OH) (sub 3.68) F (sub 0.32) ] (sub Sigma 40F) [ (sub 1.85) (H (sub 2) O)0.15] (sub Sigma 2) , Z = 1. The simplified formula is K (sub 2) Na(Mn,Fe (super 2+) ) (sub 7) (Zr,Ti) (sub 2) (Si (sub 4) O (sub 12) ) (sub 2) O (sub 2) (OH) (sub 4) F. Laverovite is triclinic, space group P, a 5.4329(1), b 11.9232(3), c 11.7491(3) Aa, alpha 112.905(2), beta 94.696(1), gamma 103.178(1) degrees , V 670.14(5) Aa (super 3) . The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction data [d (Aa)(I)(hkl)] are: 3.452(92)(003,111); 2.788(97); 2.680(68); 2.589(100); 2.504(44), and 1.590(50). The crystal structure has been refined to R1 = 3.26% for 3757 observed (Fo > 4sigma F) reflections. In the crystal structure of laverovite, there are four (super [4]) T sites, with <T-O> = 1.621 Aa, occupied mainly by Si, with minor Al. TO (sub 4) tetrahedra constitute the T (sub 4) O (sub 12) astrophyllite ribbon. The Zr-dominant (super [6]) D site is occupied mainly by Zr and Ti and minor Nb and Mg, with <D-phi > = 2.002 Aa (phi = O, F). The T (sub 4) O (sub 12) astrophyllite ribbons and D octahedra constitute the H (Heteropolyhedral) sheet. In the O (Octahedral) sheet, there are four Mn (super 2+) -dominant (super [6]) M(1-4) sites, with <M(1-4)-phi > = 2.187, 2.174, 2.161, and 2.146 Aa (phi = O, OH). Two H sheets and the central O sheet form the HOH block, and adjacent HOH blocks link via a common XPD anion of two D octahedra. In the I (Intermediate) block between adjacent HOH blocks, there are two interstitial cation sites, A and B, and a WA site, partly occupied by H (sub 2) O. The A site splits into two partly occupied sites, (super [13]) A(1) and (super [6]) A(2), with A(1)-A(2) = 1.108 Aa. The (super [13]) A(1) site is occupied at 90.5%: mainly by K, with minor Sr and Cs, <A(1)-phi > = 3.326 Aa; the (super [6]) A(2) site is occupied at 7.5% by Na: [ (sub 1.85) Na (sub 0.15) ], <A(2)-phi > = 2.29 Aa (phi = O, F, H (sub 2) O). The aggregate content of the A site is (K (sub 1.78) Sr (sub 0.02) Cs (sub 0.01) Na (sub 0.15) (sub 0.04) ) (sub Sigma 2) , ideally K (sub 2) apfu. The (super [10]) B site is occupied by (Na (sub 0.88) Ca (sub 0.12) ), <B-phi > = 2.646 Aa. The WA site is occupied at 7.5% by H (sub 2) O: [ (sub 1.85) (H (sub 2) O) (sub 0.15) ] pfu. The presence of OH and H (sub 2) O groups in the laverovite structure was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The mineral is named "laverovite" after Professor Nikolay Pavlovich Laverov (1930-2016), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a prominent Russian ore geologist and an expert in uranium ore deposits and radiogenic waste disposal. Laverovite is a Mn-analogue of zircophyllite, K (sub 2) NaFe (super 2+) (sub 7) Zr (sub 2) (Si (sub 4) O (sub 12) ) (sub 2) O (sub 2) (OH) (sub 4) F.