2017 M (sub w) 8.1 Tehuantepec earthquake; deep slip and rupture directivity enhance ground shaking but weaken the tsunami

The 8 September 2017 M (sub w) 8.1 Tehuantepec normal-faulting earthquake caused unexpected widespread intensive shaking, strongly felt as far as Mexico City about 720 km northwest of the epicenter, and generated a 1.8 m tsunami at the coast. Just 11 days later, another devastating M (sub w) 7.1 Puebla earthquake occurred near Mexico City. In this contribution, we characterized this event by a joint inversion using static Global Positioning System (GPS) offsets, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements, high-rate GPS, and teleseismic displacement waveforms, then validated the preferred model by tsunami observations. We demonstrate that the Tehuantepec earthquake rupture propagates mainly unilaterally toward the northwest at a relatively high speed ( approximately 3.4 km/s), with three asperities identified: the dominant one is centered between depths from approximately 40 to 60 km while the other two are located at shallower ( approximately 20 km) and deeper ( approximately 90 km) depths, respectively. Moreover, we find the peak ground acceleration (PGA) recorded along the rupture propagation direction is much larger than that recorded at stations in the opposite direction with nearly identical epicentral distances ( approximately 700 km). Dynamic displacements reaching 5 cm were also observed at a GPS station approximately 1450 km from the epicenter. Based on these observations and our model results, we suggest that the deep slip in the low-attenuation mantle and the rupture directivity likely enhance the nationwide ground shaking, whereas the shallow slip may contribute to the local tsunami heights. The derived slip distribution is valuable for future investigation on the explicit relationship between the M (sub w) 8.1 Tehuantepec and M (sub w) 7.1 Puebla events.