Castellaroite, Mn (super 2+) (sub 3) (AsO (sub 4) ) (sub 2) .4.5H (sub 2) O, a new mineral from Italy related to metaswitzerite

Castellaroite (IMA2015-071), Mn (super 2+) (sub 3) (AsO (sub 4) ) (sub 2) .4.5H (sub 2) O, is a new secondary arsenate mineral from the Monte Nero mine, Rocchetta Vara, La Spezia, Liguria, Italy and the Valletta mine, near Canosio, Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy. It crystallized from As- and Mn-rich hydrothermal fluids in an oxidizing environment. At Monte Nero, it is associated with coralloite, manganohornesite, rhodochrosite, sarkinite, sterlinghillite, strashimirite and wallkilldellite. At Valletta, it is associated with braccoite, hematite, manganberzeliite, orthoclase and tiragalloite. Castellaroite occurs as thin blades, flattened on [001], striated and elongated parallel to [100] and exhibiting the forms {110}, {012} and {001}. The mineral is colourless and transparent with a vitreous to silky lustre and white streak. Crystals are flexible with a curved fracture, and one perfect cleavage on {001}. The Mohs' hardness is 21/2. The measured and calculated densities are 3.14(2) g.cm (super -3) and 3.164 g.cm (super -3) , respectively. The mineral is easily soluble in dilute HCl at room temperature. Optically, castellaroite crystals are biaxial (-), with alpha = 1.644(1), beta = 1.662(1) and gamma = 1.667(1) (white light); 2V = 57(1) degrees ; dispersion r < v, moderate; the optical orientation Y = b; Z approximately a. The Raman spectrum is dominated by features corresponding to the AsO (sub 4) group and also confirms the presence of H (sub 2) O. Electron-microprobe analyses gave the empirical formula Mn (super 2+) (sub 3.02) (As (sub 1.94) P (sub 0.06) ) (sub Sigma 2.00) O (sub 12.5) H (sub 8.96) , based on 12.5 O apfu Castellaroite is monoclinic, P2 (sub 1) /n, with the unit-cell parameters: a = 8.7565(8), b = 13.4683(13), c = 18.652(2) A, beta = 94.876(7) degrees , V = 2191.7(4) A (super 3) and Z = 8. The eight strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d (sub obs) /A (I) (hkl)]: 10.90(100)(011), 9.27(67)(002), 6.97(42)(111), 3.323(47)(multiple), 3.043(87) (134,204,232), 2.656(85)(multiple), 2.165(46)(multiple), and 1.5589(32)(multiple). The crystal structure was refined to R (sub 1) = 0.118 for 2513 observed reflections [F (sub o) > 4sigma F]. The structure contains kinked chains of edge-sharing MnO (sub 6) octahedra parallel to [100]. The chains are linked to each other by corner-sharing, forming sheets parallel to {001} and AsO (sub 4) tetrahedra corner-link with octahedra in the sheet, forming a heteropolyhedral layer. Edge-sharing MnO (sub 6) -MnO (sub 5) dimers share corners with octahedra and tetrahedra in adjacent layers, thereby linking them in the [001] direction. The heteropolyhedral layer is topologically identical to those in the structures of the phosphate minerals: angarfite, bakhchisaraitsevite, mejillonesite, metaswitzerite, rimkorolgite and switzerite. Overall, the structure is most similar to that of metaswitzerite.