(super 210) Pb and (super 14) C as indicators of callianassid bioturbation in coral reef sediment

Callianassid shrimps are the dominant endofauna of reef-top sediments on John Brewer Reef, a small platform reef in the central section of Australia's Great Barrier Reef Province. Sediment reworking by these shrimps was investigated using the (super 210) Pb radioisotope in conjunction with (super 14) C radiometry and textural data. (super 210) Pb analyses of cores from two reef-top sites revealed a classical tripartite subdivision characteristic of depositional settings in which sediment reworking dominates over sediment accumulation: (1) A vertical surface mixed layer (SML) extending to a depth of nearly equal 50 cm beneath the sediment surface and representing a zone of intensive callianassid reworking; (2) An intermediate region of radioactive attenuation in which excess (super 210) Pb activity decreases logarithmically to a depth of slightly more than one meter beneath the sediment surface, and interpreted as representing a region utilized less frequently by Callianassa for coarse grain storage and predator avoidance; (3) A basal region, beyond callianassid influence, of consistently low background levels of (super 210) Pb activity. Sediment turnover rates in excess of 120 cm (super 2) yr (super -1) in the SML and up to 32 cm (super 2) yr (super -1) in the region of radioactive attenuation were high compared to those typical of siliciclastic continental shelf and deep sea deposits, emphasizing the intensity of callianassid reworking in shallow coral reef environments. (super 210) Pb geochronology is unsuitable for determining sediment accumulation rates in such settings, because the disruptive impact of Callianassa gives rise to unacceptably high figures. The depth of callianassid influence established by (super 210) Pb radiometry corresponds to points of inflection, indicating the bases of vertical surficial sections, in (super 14) C subsurface age profiles for the two John Brewer Reef sites. Inflection points in other (super 14) C profiles may similarly indicate sediment reworking depths at locations across the reef where (super 210) Pb data were not obtained.