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GEOREF RECORD

Holocene rhyodacite eruptions on the flanks of South Sister Volcano, Oregon

William E. Scott
Holocene rhyodacite eruptions on the flanks of South Sister Volcano, Oregon (in The emplacement of silicic domes and lava flows, Jonathan H. Fink (editor))
Special Paper - Geological Society of America (1987) 212: 35-53

Abstract

Almost 0.9 km (super 3) (dense-rock equivalent) of rhyodacite tephra, lava domes, and lava flows erupted from numerous vents on the southwest, southeast, and northeast flanks of South Sister volcano during late Holocene time. Eruptions occurred during two brief episodes between 2300 and 2000 (super 14) C yr B.P., separated by a dormant interval of as long as several centuries. The eruptions of each episode were probably fed by dikes, on the basis of the following: the alignment of vents, the chemical uniformity of eruptive products, and stratigraphic evidence that the eruptions of each episode occurred over a short interval of time. Each eruptive episode began with the explosive eruption of air-fall tephra. Small pyroclastic flows and hot pyroclastic surges erupted from a few vents and traveled as far as 3 km. Rapid snowmelt accompanied the early phase of each episode and triggered small lahars. Each episode culminated with the extrusion of lava domes and flows. The distribution of late Quaternary mafic vents around the area of Holocene rhyodacite vents suggests that a magma chamber with a maximum area) extent of 30 km (super 2) may lie beneath the south flank of South Sister. The chemical uniformity of the eruptive products of each episode is consistent with each having tapped a relatively small homogeneous portion of a compositionally zoned magma chamber of much greater volume than the erupted products. Alternately, if this chemical uniformity reflects the generation and rapid ascent and eruption of a crustal partial melt, then a large magma chamber need not be present.


ISSN: 0072-1077
EISSN: 2331-219X
Coden: GSAPAZ
Serial Title: Special Paper - Geological Society of America
Serial Volume: 212
Title: Holocene rhyodacite eruptions on the flanks of South Sister Volcano, Oregon
Title: The emplacement of silicic domes and lava flows
Author(s): Scott, William E.
Author(s): Fink, Jonathan H.editor
Affiliation: U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver Fed. Cent., Denver, CO, United States
Affiliation: Ariz. State Univ., Geol. Dep., Tempe, AZ, United States
Pages: 35-53
Published: 1987
Text Language: English
Publisher: Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States
ISBN: 0-8137-2212-8
Meeting name: The emplacement of silicic domes and lava flows; The Geological Society of America, amnual meeting
Meeting location: Reno, NV, USA, United States
Meeting date: 19841984
References: 40
Accession Number: 1987-042048
Categories: Igneous and metamorphic petrology
Document Type: Serial Conference document
Bibliographic Level: Analytic
Illustration Description: illus. incl. 4 tables, strat. cols., geol. sketch maps
N42°00'00" - N46°19'60", W124°34'60" - W116°34'60"
Country of Publication: United States
Secondary Affiliation: GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute.
Update Code: 1987
Program Name: USGSOPNon-USGS publications with USGS authors
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