This paper is a review devoted to a special type of arsenic mineralization related to volcanic fumaroles of the oxidizing type. Fifty-four hydrogen-free arsenates (40 valid species and 14 insufficiently characterized phases) with Cu2+, Mg, Al, Fe3+, Ti4+, Zn, Ca, Na, and K are identified here and 46 of them are endemics of fumarolic formation. Fifty-three of them have been found in active fumaroles at the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Thirty different structure types have been established for fumarolic arsenates, including 19 previously unknown among minerals. The alkali-richest (>17 wt% Na2O + K2O) and Ti-richest (12–28 wt% TiO2) natural arsenates occur in Tolbachik fumaroles. Nineteen fumarolic arsenates with Cu2+, Al, Fe3+ or Ti contain additional O2− anions. The major fumarolic arsenates at Tolbachik are alluaudite-group members (johillerite, calciojohillerite, nickenichite, bradaczekite and badalovite), lammerite, svabite, tilasite, berzeliite and urusovite. All Tolbachik arsenates crystallized at temperatures ≥450 °C (the major assumed temperature interval is 500–750 °C), under atmospheric pressure and high oxygen fugacity. They were precipitated directly from the gas phase as volcanic sublimates, or were formed as a result of gas–rock interaction in fumarolic cameras, where the host basalt was the source of the less volatile elements Al, Ti, Mg and Ca. The empirical data on fumarolic As5+ minerals are summarized and discussed, including their chemistry, crystal chemistry (with special attention paid to isomorphic substitutions and solid solutions) and occurrence. Electron-microprobe analyses illustrating the chemical diversity and variability of 53 fumarolic arsenates are given as supplementary data, as well as a photographic documentation of their morphology and paragenetic relationships.
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Research Article|
March 01, 2018
Fumarolic arsenates − a special type of arsenic mineralization
Igor V. Pekov;
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University
, Vorobievy Gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
Corresponding author, e-mail: igorpekov@mail.ru
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Natalia N. Koshlyakova;
Natalia N. Koshlyakova
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University
, Vorobievy Gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
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Natalia V. Zubkova;
Natalia V. Zubkova
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University
, Vorobievy Gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
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Inna S. Lykova;
Inna S. Lykova
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University
, Vorobievy Gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
2
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences
, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071Moscow, Russia
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Sergey N. Britvin;
Sergey N. Britvin
3
Department of Crystallography, St Petersburg State University
, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034St Petersburg, Russia
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Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt;
Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University
, Vorobievy Gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
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Atali A. Agakhanov;
Atali A. Agakhanov
2
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences
, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071Moscow, Russia
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Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina;
Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University
, Vorobievy Gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
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Anna G. Turchkova;
Anna G. Turchkova
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University
, Vorobievy Gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
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Evgeny G. Sidorov
Evgeny G. Sidorov
4
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
, Piip Boulevard 9, 683006Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
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European Journal of Mineralogy (2018) 30 (2): 305–322.
Article history
received:
06 Mar 2017
rev-recd:
10 Aug 2017
accepted:
08 Dec 2017
first online:
14 Aug 2018
Citation
Igor V. Pekov, Natalia N. Koshlyakova, Natalia V. Zubkova, Inna S. Lykova, Sergey N. Britvin, Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt, Atali A. Agakhanov, Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina, Anna G. Turchkova, Evgeny G. Sidorov; Fumarolic arsenates − a special type of arsenic mineralization. European Journal of Mineralogy 2018;; 30 (2): 305–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2718
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Index Terms/Descriptors
- arsenates
- arsenic
- arsenic ores
- Asia
- atmospheric pressure
- chemical composition
- Commonwealth of Independent States
- crystal chemistry
- Eh
- electron probe data
- fumaroles
- high temperature
- Kamchatka Peninsula
- Kamchatka Russian Federation
- low pressure
- metal ores
- metals
- mineralization
- pressure
- review
- Russian Federation
- solid solution
- sublimates
- substitution
- temperature
- Tolbachik
- volcanoes
- tilasite
- berzeliite
- svabite
- lammerite
- urusovite
- gas-rock interaction
- alluaudite group
Latitude & Longitude
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