The new mineral dravertite, ideally CuMg(SO4)2, was found in sublimates of two active fumaroles at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. In the Arsenatnaya fumarole, dravertite (holotype) is closely associated with dolerophanite, euchlorine, tenorite, hematite, langbeinite, steklite, fedotovite, wulffite, anhydrite and anglesite. In the Yadovitaya fumarole, it is associated with euchlorine, chalcocyanite, steklite, alumoklyuchevskite, piypite, parawulffite, cryptochalcite, dolerophanite, hematite, tenorite, vergasovaite, cupromolybdite, yaroshevskite and ziesite. Dravertite occurs as crude equant crystals up to 0.08 mm across forming compact clusters or spherulitic crusts up to 5 × 5 cm2 in area and up to 1-cm thick on basalt scoria. Dravertite is transparent in small grains and translucent in aggregates, with a vitreous lustre. It is light blue to colourless (Arsenatnaya) or light brown (Yadovitaya). The mineral is brittle, with Mohs’ hardness ca. 3½. Cleavage is imperfect, the fracture is uneven. Dcalc = 3.508 g cm−3 (based on the empirical formula). Dravertite is optically biaxial (−), α = 1.624(3), β = 1.661(3), γ = 1.663(3) and 2Vmeas = 35(10)°. The infrared spectrum is reported. The chemical composition (holotype, average of 7 analyses) is: MgO 11.00, MnO 0.16, CuO 31.16, ZnO 2.62, SO3 54.76, total 99.72 wt.%. The empirical formula based on 8 O apfu is: Mg0.79Mn0.01Cu1.14Zn0.09S1.99O8. Dravertite is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 4.8141(3), b = 8.4443(5), c = 6.7731(4) Å, β = 94.598(5)°, V = 274.45(3) Å3 and Z = 2. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern [d, Å(I)(h k l)] are: 4.175(68)(1 1 0), 3.666(64)(−1 1 1), 3.579(63)(0 2 1), 3.443(59)(1 1 1), 2.719(41) (−1 1 2), 2.637(100)(0 2 2), 2.430(68)(1 3 0) and 1.791(24)(0 4 2). The crystal structure, solved from single-crystal XRD data (R = 0.0591), contains chains of alternating edge-sharing octahedra centred by Cu2+ and Mg. The CuO6 octahedra show significant Jahn–Teller distortion while MgO6 octahedra are much more regular. The octahedral chains are connected via isolated SO4 tetrahedra to form a pseudo-framework. In terms of structure, dravertite can be considered as a monoclinically distorted, cation-ordered derivative of orthorhombic (Pnma) chalcocyanite CuSO4. The mineral is named in honour of the Russian mineralogist and geologist Petr Lyudovikovich Dravert (1879–1945).
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Research Article|
May 01, 2017
Dravertite, CuMg(SO4)2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia
Igor V. Pekov;
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia*
Corresponding author, e-mail: igorpekov@mail.ru
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Natalia V. Zubkova;
Natalia V. Zubkova
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Atali A. Agakhanov;
Atali A. Agakhanov
2
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt;
Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Nikita V. Chukanov;
Nikita V. Chukanov
3
Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia
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Dmitry I. Belakovskiy;
Dmitry I. Belakovskiy
2
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Evgeny G. Sidorov;
Evgeny G. Sidorov
4
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Boulevard 9, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
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Dmitry Y. Pushcharovsky
Dmitry Y. Pushcharovsky
1
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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European Journal of Mineralogy (2017) 29 (2): 323–330.
Article history
received:
02 Jul 2016
rev-recd:
06 Sep 2016
accepted:
08 Sep 2016
first online:
17 Nov 2017
Citation
Igor V. Pekov, Natalia V. Zubkova, Atali A. Agakhanov, Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt, Nikita V. Chukanov, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Evgeny G. Sidorov, Dmitry Y. Pushcharovsky; Dravertite, CuMg(SO4)2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy 2017;; 29 (2): 323–330. doi: https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2596
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Index Terms/Descriptors
- Asia
- cell dimensions
- chemical composition
- cinder cones
- Commonwealth of Independent States
- crystal structure
- formula
- fumaroles
- infrared spectra
- Kamchatka Peninsula
- new minerals
- optical properties
- physical properties
- Russian Federation
- Russian Pacific region
- spectra
- sublimates
- sulfates
- Tolbachik
- volcanic features
- volcanoes
- X-ray diffraction data
- dravertite
Latitude & Longitude