The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for adhesive anchor connections than for through-bolt connections (i.e., anchorages having plates on the exterior facade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation, and the use of metal mesh sleeves. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5° to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, a summary of the performed experimental program and test results, and a proposed pull-out capacity relationship for adhesive anchors installed into multi-leaf clay brick masonry are presented herein.
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Research Article|
November 01, 2016
Pull-Out Behavior of Adhesive Connections in Unreinforced Masonry Walls
Dmytro Dizhur, M. EERI;
Dmytro Dizhur, M. EERI
a
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, 20 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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Arturo Schultz, M. EERI;
Arturo Schultz, M. EERI
b
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Jason Ingham, M. EERI
Jason Ingham, M. EERI
c
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, 20 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Dmytro Dizhur, M. EERI
a
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, 20 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
Arturo Schultz, M. EERI
b
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Jason Ingham, M. EERI
c
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, 20 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
Publisher: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Received:
11 Jan 2015
Accepted:
30 Apr 2016
First Online:
01 Jun 2020
Online ISSN: 1944-8201
Print ISSN: 8755-2930
© 2016 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Earthquake Spectra (2016) 32 (4): 2357–2375.
Article history
Received:
11 Jan 2015
Accepted:
30 Apr 2016
First Online:
01 Jun 2020
Citation
Dmytro Dizhur, Arturo Schultz, Jason Ingham; Pull-Out Behavior of Adhesive Connections in Unreinforced Masonry Walls. Earthquake Spectra 2016;; 32 (4): 2357–2375. doi: https://doi.org/10.1193/011115EQS006M
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