Late Holocene vegetation and climate change at Moraine Bog, Tiedemann Glacier, southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia

Moraine Bog lies just outside the outermost lateral moraine of Tiedemann Glacier in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia. A sediment core taken from the wetland was analyzed for pollen, magnetic susceptibility, and loss on ignition to reconstruct changes in vegetation and climate during the late Holocene. Vegetation changed little between about 3500 and 2400 ¹⁴C years BP. A period of local disturbance marked by deposition of a silty clay bed and increases in Alnus pollen, likely reflecting cooler moister conditions, coincides with an extensive Holocene advance of Tiedemann Glacier about 2400 ¹⁴C years BP. Warm dry conditions between about 1900 and 1500 ¹⁴C years BP are suggested by peak values of Pseudotsuga pollen and increasing Nuphar sclereids; the latter suggests lowered water levels. This period coincides with a time of drought and increased fire frequency in the southernmost Coast Mountains. About 1300 ¹⁴C years BP, the forest became more coastal in composition with abundant Tsuga heterophylla and Abies. An increase in Tsuga mertensiana pollen suggests the onset of cool and wet conditions by ca. 500 ¹⁴C years BP, coincident with the Little Ice Age. The record of inferred climate change at Moraine Bog is broadly synchronous with other paleoclimate records from the Coast Mountains and, at the centennial scale, with records elsewhere in the world.