The Almacık Block is an approximately 73 km long and 21 km wide tectonic sliver formed by the North Anatolian Fault Zone in northwestern Turkey. Morphologically, it is one of the most pronounced structures along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. All the segments bounding the Almacık Block were ruptured during the second half of the 20th century. The fifty-four apatite (U–Th)/He ages we obtained showed that the region including the Almacık Block was exhumed during the Oligo–Miocene interval and then original exhumation pattern was distorted by the North Anatolian Fault Zone during the Miocene to recent. To interpret this distortion and to reconstruct it to the original state, we modelled “Λ”-shaped mountain fronts in the most probable deformation scenarios. The block has been tilted southward about an approximately east–west-trending horizontal (slightly dipping to the east) axis. As a result of this rotation, the northern part of the block has been uplifted about 2800 m, whereas the southern part has subsided about 430 m, likely during the last 2.5 Myr. The exhumation in the studied region started at around 34 Ma and lasted until 16 Ma with a mean exhumation rate of about 60 m/Myr.
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Research Article|
May 30, 2019
Reconstructing the deformation of the North Anatolian Fault Zone through restoring the Oligo–Miocene exhumation pattern of the Almacık Block (northwestern Turkey) based on the apatite (U–Th)/He ages1
Gürsel Sunal;
a
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 34469 Istanbul, Türkiye.Corresponding author: Gürsel Sunal (email: gsunal@itu.edu.tr).
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Mehmet Korhan Erturaç;
Mehmet Korhan Erturaç
b
Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Coğrafya Bölümü, 54187 Sakarya, Türkiye.c
Sakarya Universitesi Araştırma, Geliştirme ve Uygulama Merkezi (SARGEM), Esentepe Kampüsü, 54187 Sakarya, Türkiye.
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Pınar Gutsuz;
Pınar Gutsuz
a
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 34469 Istanbul, Türkiye.
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István Dunkl;
István Dunkl
d
Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Ziyadin Cakir
Ziyadin Cakir
a
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 34469 Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2019) 56 (11): 1202–1217.
Article history
received:
09 Nov 2018
accepted:
17 May 2019
first online:
26 Nov 2019
Citation
Gürsel Sunal, Mehmet Korhan Erturaç, Pınar Gutsuz, István Dunkl, Ziyadin Cakir; Reconstructing the deformation of the North Anatolian Fault Zone through restoring the Oligo–Miocene exhumation pattern of the Almacık Block (northwestern Turkey) based on the apatite (U–Th)/He ages. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2019;; 56 (11): 1202–1217. doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0283
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Index Terms/Descriptors
- absolute age
- active faults
- Anatolia
- apatite
- Asia
- Cenozoic
- Cretaceous
- dates
- deformation
- dip
- elevation
- Eocene
- exhumation
- fault zones
- faults
- flysch
- igneous rocks
- interpretation
- Mesozoic
- metamorphic rocks
- Middle East
- Miocene
- Neogene
- neotectonics
- North Anatolian Fault
- Oligocene
- outcrops
- Paleogene
- patterns
- phosphates
- plate rotation
- plate tectonics
- rates
- reconstruction
- relief
- rupture
- sampling
- Sea of Marmara region
- shear zones
- strike-slip faults
- tectonics
- Tertiary
- Turkey
- (U-Th)/He
- Upper Cretaceous
- volcanic rocks
- volcaniclastics
- northwestern Turkey
- Sakarya Zone
- Mudurnu Formation
- Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone
- Almacik Mountain
- Alacik Block
Latitude & Longitude
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