Abstract In the past, we have not prepared an official "road log" for visitors to the White Pine mine. Aside from the fact that it requires a substantial amount of time to prepare such a guide, we have avoided the chore because often, we are not sure where we will take visitors when a tour arrives. A working mine is a dynamic entity, one that constantly changes shape and character as new workings are opened up and older workings are abandoned. Therefore, any underground guide will be obsolete before it is even published. Nonetheless, we have chosen to present a set of stops which reflect the geology of the White Pine mine as we understand it in 1992.

Abstract The trip begins in Toronto (1991 May 30 Thursday) and proceeds to Kirkland Lake by motor coach. The evening includes a Kirkland Lake branch CIM meeting (speaker Wayne Benham on a recent Kirkland Lake gold discovery by Battle Mountain Canada Incorporated) and an introduction to the Macassa Mine geology by D. F. Cater.

Abstract 1991 MAY 31 FRIDAY MORNING tour underground at Macassa. From the Bon Air Motel, proceed 5.85 km west along Highway 66 (Government Road) then turn right; at 6.85 km park near Macassa No.3 shaft headframe. For a description see paper entitled “Macassa Mine Geology” in this guidebook.

Abstract The AFTERNOON tour will be by bus, the first 4 stops being in the 10 × 10 km geographic township of Teck, and the 5th is in Lebel, the adjoining Township to the east. From Macassa No.3 shaft return to Highway 66, turn right (west) along Highway 66 past Highway 112 junction and beyond the cemetery, then turn left into the Kirkland Lake Core Library of the Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. 8. 4 km. STOP 1. Here at the Core Library, standard Archean sections of diamond drill core and hand samples will be laid out for your perusal. The sections will comprise komatiitic, tholeiitic, calc-alkalic, and alkalic volcanic extrusi ves, and several types of sedimentary rocks. From the parking lot of the Core Library, turn right onto Highway 66 and proceed to 13. 0 km, where you turn left (north) along Oakes Avenue and park in the circle directly to the left. 13. 2 km. STOP 2. Kirkland Lake “Museum of Northern History”. Formerly the museum was the home of Sir Harry Oakes, one of the few prospectors who retained control of the mine he found, the famous Lake Shore that produced more than 8 1/2 million ounces of gold and almost 2 million ounces of silver. During your one hour stay, you can see relics of the early days of Kirkland Lake gold mining. From the museum we will walk across Highway 66 and up hill along a water line to a series of outcrops beginning south of the Don Lou Motel, near the base of the former water tower of the Lake Shore mine.

Abstract The Macassa Mine, a division of LAC Minerals Ltd. is situated immediately west of the town of Kirkland Lake, Ontario. It is the only active producer of seven (7) mines located along the famed Mile of Gold in the Kirkland Lake Gold Camp. Production from all seven mines in the camp from inception to the end of 1989 amounted to 52.6 million tons generating 23.4 million ounces at an average grade of 0. 446 ounce/ton (source: MNDM resident geologists office pers. comm. ). Production at the Macassa Mine commenced in late 1933 at a rate of 200 tons per day. The mine has produced gold continuously for the past 58 years. In May 1990, the Macassa Mine produced its 3 millionth ounce. Total mine production to the end of 1990 amounts to 6,835,110 tons mined yielding 3,070,502 million ounces of gold at an average grade of 0. 45 ounce/ton. The cut-off grade at the mine is 0.25 ounce/ton. Current proven and probable ore reserves are estimated as of January 1991 to be 1. 67 million tons at a grade of 0. 53 ounce/ton. Current underground production is on the order of 550 tons per day. The Kirkland Lake Gold Camp is situated on the southwestern portion of the Abitibi greenstone belt (Fig. 1). On a smaller scale, the Kirkland Lake area can be considered as a series of volcanic, sedimentary and intrusive litho-units which strike N 60–80 E and dip steeply to the- south. These litho units which lie within the Timiskaming group are wrapped around both the Lebel Stock and Round Lake Batholith situated to the south.

Abstract The Matachewan-Kirkland Lake-Larder Lake gold-copper-ironasbestos-barite mining district is situated in Late Archean rocks of the Canadian Precambrian Shield’s Superior Province, -Abitibi sub-province, southwestern part. The structural setting seems to be comparable to Nevada’s Carlin-Battle Mountain “Basin and Range” zone. Prior to modification and in some places up-grading by both tectonically-induced migration and (or) the metasomatic and heatpump effects of later mafic flows and felsic intrusions, a sedimentary phase was essential. Referring to Archean gold deposits in Australia, Tomich (1990) noted that the successful search for new gold ores requires a stratigraphic approach with a structural approach as a secondary adjunct (i.e. the reverse of present practice). A sedimentary phase initiated the accumulation of what has become the Matachewan-Kirkland Lake-Larder Lake and other similar gold ores. The purpose of the following text is to describe this sedimentary protore-generating phase. The total amount of gold produced from the 100 km-long Matachewan-Kirkland Lake-Larder Lake mining district, from approximately the beginning in 1910 until 1990, was more than 37 million Troy ounces. Most production was selectively mined so that the historical average grade (and in some cases the cut-off grade!) is almost 1/3 of a Troy ounce per short ton (about 10 grams per metric tonne). Among large Canadian gold mining districts this grade is exceeded only by the Northwest Territories (predominantly Yellowknife) and Ontario's Red Lake, and this production only by the Porcupine (Timmins).

Abstract The field trip departs from the Bon Air Motel in Kirkland Lake, cumulative mileage from the Bon Air Motel is signified by the round brackets ( ). Distances between field trip stops are also provided. Take Highway 66 west from the Bon Air Motel in Kirkland Lake to Highway 11 (15. 5 km). Continue west on Highway 66 to Matachewan. Cross the bridge over the West Montreal River, in Matachewan, where Highway 566 begins (61. 5 km). Continue west along Highway 566 for 3. 2 kilometres. Then turn right and park just beyond the gate to the Matachewan Consolidated Mine (64. 8 km).

Abstract The Matachewan camp is located in the southwestern Abitibi Greenstone Belt of the Superior Province, 55 kilometres west of Kirkland Lake, northeastern Ontario. Gold production from the camp has come entirely from two contiguous mines, the Young-Davidson mine (YDM) and the Matachewan Consolidated mine (MCM). Between 1933 and 1957, a total of 9. 6 million tonnes of ore with an average grade of 3. 1 g/t Au and 0. 93 g/t Ag was produced from these mines. In 1979-80 Pamour Porcupine Mines Limited removed an additional 18,000 tonnes of ore at >3.4 g/t from open pit operations on the Matachewan Consolidated property (Sinclair, 1982). Since the surface exposures of ore grade mineralization have long since been removed from the mines of the Matachewan area, one cannot examine the detailed controls of the mineralization. Thus the aim of this surface field trip is to examine the regional setting of the Matachewan gold mines, the geological history of the area, and the general style and mineralogy of the gold mineralization and associated alteration. These features may then be compared with those of other gold deposits associated with the major tectonic zones of the southern Abitibi belt. In addition, evidence of post-Archean reactivation of major structures, including the Larder Lake-Cadillac Break (LLCB), and its relevance to gold exploration will be examined.

Abstract 1991 JUNE 02 SUNDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON TOUR will be by bus, which will carry the lunches so we can eat wherever we happen to be around noon time. The two longest walks from the bus should total less than 4 km “round trip”. If time becomes too short to visit to-day’s 10 tour stops (No. 6 to 15), one or more might have to be left out. This will ensure that we arrive back at the motel in time to prepare for the evening meal followed by the talk on American Barrick’s Holt-McDermott gold mine, where you will go underground to-morrow and receive a mine description handout. For a description of Larder Lake area geology see "The Sedimentary Phase that initiated the Concentrating of Gold Ores, MatachewanKirkland Lake-Larder Lake area, Ontario, Canada" in this Guidebook. The Larder Lake area (mainly Kerr-Chesterville and Omega mines) has produced almost 11 million Troy ounces of gold at an average grade of about 1/4 ounce of gold per short ton. Similarities with the Larder Lake gold ore type can be found throughout Canada’s Abitibi sub-province such as in the Porcupine (Timmins) gold area, and elsewhere in the world such as in Western Australia. For location of Larder Lake Gold Field Trip Stops see Figure 1. From the Bon Air Motel, proceed 6. 2 km west along Highway 66 to the junction with Highway 112, turn left (south) and proceed along Highway 112 to the junction with Highway 11 at 26. 4 km (to-day’s cumulative trip total).

Abstract The trip begins in Toronto (1991 May 30 Thursday) and proceeds to Kirkland Lake by motor coach. The evening includes a Kirkland Lake branch CIM meeting (speaker Wayne Benham on a recent Kirkland Lake gold discovery by Battle Mountain Canada Incorporated) and an introduction to the Macassa Mine geology by D. F. Cater.

Abstract The trip begins in Toronto (1991 May 30 Thursday) and proceeds to Kirkland Lake by motor coach. The evening includes a Kirkland Lake branch CIM meeting (speaker Wayne Benham on a recent Kirkland Lake gold discovery by Battle Mountain Canada Incorporated) and an introduction to the Macassa Mine geology by D. F. Cater.

Abstract The trip begins in Toronto (1991 May 30 Thursday) and proceeds to Kirkland Lake by motor coach. The evening includes a Kirkland Lake branch CIM meeting (speaker Wayne Benham on a recent Kirkland Lake gold discovery by Battle Mountain Canada Incorporated) and an introduction to the Macassa Mine geology by D. F. Cater.