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NARROW
Salt Tectonics in Atlantic-Type Sedimentary Basins: Brazilian and West African Perspectives Applied to the North Atlantic Margin
Abstract The South American divergent continental margin extends from eastern Brazil towards the continental margin off Argentina. This segment is limited, both to the north and south, by transcurrent movements associated with oceanic fracture zones and by the subduction zone north of Antarctica. Within the extensional margin, the transitional phase salt basins are also controlled by transform faults in the eastern Brazilian and West African margins. The evaporite basin is associated with siliciclastic and carbonate sediments deposited above a regional unconformity (breakup unconformity) that marks the beginning of the continental drift phase. This was followed by Aptian evaporite sedimentation between the Sergipe-Alagoas and Santos basins on the Brazilian side, and from the Rio Muni to Benguela basin in West Africa. The evaporitic conditions seem to extend up to early Albian in some regions, as evidenced by extremely thick layers of stratified evaporites, indicating several depositional cycles. A highly mobile evaporite layer resulted in the development of a characteristic tectonic style marked by salt diapirs, and extensional and compressional structures affecting the post-salt sedimentary successions. The regional deep-penetration seismic profiles acquired in the South Atlantic provide a unique dataset allowing identification of salt tectonic domains from the platform towards the oceanic crust boundary. These prolific hydrocarbon-bearing salt basins constitute a framework for the interpretation of the less-explored salt basins of the North Atlantic continental margins, particularly along the Iberian and North American continental margins. Examples of analogue autochthonous and allochthonous salt structures, and their geodynamic evolution, have important implications for petroleum exploration in the deep-water frontier regions.