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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Black Hills (1)
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Manitoba (1)
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North America
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Great Plains (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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North American Craton (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (13)
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Williston Basin (1)
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United States
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Alabama (1)
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Iowa
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Manson impact structure (1)
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Plymouth County Iowa (1)
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Woodbury County Iowa (1)
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Kansas
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Ellis County Kansas (1)
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Russell County Kansas (1)
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Minnesota (2)
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Missouri River valley (1)
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Montana (1)
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Dixon County Nebraska (1)
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North Dakota (1)
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South Dakota
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Union County South Dakota (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (1)
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Cephalopoda
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Protista
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microfossils (5)
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Plantae
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Coniferales (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Dakota Formation (4)
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Graneros Shale (2)
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Albian (4)
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Cheyenne Sandstone (2)
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Kiowa Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (2)
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Carlile Shale (2)
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Codell Sandstone Member (1)
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Eutaw Formation (1)
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Greenhorn Limestone (2)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Niobrara Formation (1)
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Ripley Formation (1)
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Paleozoic (1)
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minerals
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carbonates (1)
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Primary terms
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Manitoba (1)
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (1)
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diagenesis (1)
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Invertebrata
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Dakota Formation (4)
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Graneros Shale (2)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (4)
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Cheyenne Sandstone (2)
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Kiowa Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (2)
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Carlile Shale (2)
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Cenomanian (5)
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Codell Sandstone Member (1)
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Eutaw Formation (1)
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Greenhorn Limestone (2)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Niobrara Formation (1)
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Pierre Shale (3)
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Ripley Formation (1)
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Senonian (2)
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Turonian (1)
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-
-
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North America
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Craton (1)
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Rocky Mountains
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (13)
-
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
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ocean circulation (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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paleobotany (1)
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paleoclimatology (3)
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paleogeography (5)
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Paleozoic (1)
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palynomorphs
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Plantae
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algae
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Coccolithophoraceae (1)
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diatoms (1)
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Pteridophyta (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales (1)
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sea-level changes (7)
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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porcellanite (1)
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sedimentary structures
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planar bedding structures (2)
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secondary structures
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concretions (1)
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sedimentation (3)
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (1)
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soils (1)
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structural analysis (1)
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tectonics (5)
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United States
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Alabama (1)
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Iowa
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Manson impact structure (1)
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Plymouth County Iowa (1)
-
Woodbury County Iowa (1)
-
-
Kansas
-
Ellis County Kansas (1)
-
Russell County Kansas (1)
-
-
Minnesota (2)
-
Missouri River (1)
-
Missouri River valley (1)
-
Montana (1)
-
Nebraska
-
Dakota County Nebraska (1)
-
Dixon County Nebraska (1)
-
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North Dakota (1)
-
South Dakota
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Brule County South Dakota (1)
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Union County South Dakota (1)
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Wyoming (1)
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rock formations
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Beaverhead Formation (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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porcellanite (1)
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siliciclastics (1)
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sedimentary structures
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channels (1)
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sedimentary structures
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planar bedding structures (2)
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secondary structures
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concretions (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (1)
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siliciclastics (1)
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soils
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paleosols (1)
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soils (1)
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Abstract Pedogenic siderite is a carbonate mineral that forms in the reducing groundwaters of poorly drained soils and paleosols in zonal climatic belts with strongly positive precipitation–evaporation balances. Microcrystalline and spherulitic forms of siderite are commonly recognized in micromorphologic studies of hydromorphic paleosols. Ancient paleosol sphaerosiderites commonly occur with diameters in excess of 1 mm, while modern pedogenic siderite crystal dimensions in excess of 100 µm are rare. Pedogenic siderites have been widely reported from Late Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic paleosols. The carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of pedogenic siderites have been widely used as proxies for the oxygen isotopic composition of paleoprecipitation for their respective paleosols. Modern process studies of historic pedogenic siderites are yielding a more refined understanding of the stable isotopic systematics of low-temperature siderite. These works will lead to a future change in usage of published siderite–water 18 O fractionation equations.