A dense seismic array was deployed at a 2 km spacing to record the aftershocks of the M_w (moment magnitude) 5.8 Mineral, Virginia (USA), earthquake in 2011. The three-component seismometers, installed on a 60-km-long profile, recorded 40 aftershocks over 9 days of deployment. Based on manual picking of P-wave (primary, compressional) and S-wave (secondary, shear) arrival times of 15 aftershocks, we find that the P-wave propagates with a velocity of 6.15 km/s through the upper crust, and the direct S-wave travels with a velocity of 3.66 km/s within the first 20 km (Vs_<20km) and decreases slightly to...