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GSA Special Papers
Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects
Author(s)
Gerta Keller;
Gerta Keller
Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Andrew C. Kerr
Andrew C. Kerr
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
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Geological Society of America

Volume
505
Copyright:
© 2014 Geological Society of America
Attribution:You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial ‒ you may not use this work for commercial purpose. No Derivative works ‒ You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Sharing ‒ Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in other subsequent works and to make unlimited photocopies of items in this journal for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science.
ISBN print:
9780813725055
Publication date:
September 01, 2014
Book Chapter
An earth system approach to understanding the end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) mass extinction
Author(s)
Howard A. Armstrong
Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeoecosystems Group, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
;
Howard A. Armstrong
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David A.T. Harper
Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeoecosystems Group, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
David A.T. Harper
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Published:September 01, 2014
The Hirnantian mass extinction is recognized as the first of the “big three” extinctions and, along with the end-Permian and end-Cretaceous events, is the result of an acceleration in biotic extinctions concomitant with a rise in originations. The Hirnantian mass extinction is characterized by high taxonomic impact and within-community extinctions. The Hirnantian mass extinction is also unusual in that (1) it is associated with glaciation, but there is little evidence elsewhere in the younger Phanerozoic that glaciations have been a cause of mass extinction, and (2) there is limited understanding of how glaciation could directly cause mass extinction, particularly in...
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Index Terms/Descriptors
- ancient ice ages
- Arthropoda
- benthic environment
- benthic taxa
- biodiversity
- biozones
- Brachiopoda
- C-13/C-12
- carbon
- Chitinozoa
- chronostratigraphy
- climate change
- Conodonta
- cyclostratigraphy
- faunal provinces
- faunal studies
- Foraminifera
- glaciation
- global
- global change
- Graptolithina
- habitat
- Hirnantian
- icehouse effect
- Invertebrata
- isotope ratios
- isotopes
- marine environment
- mass extinctions
- microfossils
- O-18/O-16
- oceanic anoxic events
- Ordovician
- oxygen
- paleo-oceanography
- paleobiology
- paleoclimatology
- paleoecology
- paleoenvironment
- Paleozoic
- palynomorphs
- pelagic environment
- planktonic taxa
- Protista
- sea-level changes
- sea-surface temperature
- shelf environment
- spatial distribution
- species diversity
- stable isotopes
- Trilobita
- Trilobitomorpha
- Upper Ordovician
- niches
- epipelagic zone
- carbon isotope excursion
- ocean redox stratification
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