Anorogenic magmatism of the circum-Mediterranean area (the Tyrrhenian Sea, Sardinia, Sicily Channel, and the Middle East) and of continental Europe (the French Massif Central, Eifel, the Bohemian Massif, and the Pannonian basin) has been proposed to be related to the presence of one or more mantle plumes. Such conclusions based on geochemical data and seismic tomography are not fully justified because (1) a given chemical and isotopic composition of a magma can be explained by different petrogenetic models, (2) a given petrogenetic process can produce magmas with different chemical and isotopic composition, (3) tomographic studies do not furnish unique results...