Four different types of paleosols are recognized in the late Eocene–earliest Oligocene Solent Group (Isle of Wight, UK), representing a patchwork of ecosystems. Weakly developed marsh paleosols (Entisol-like; histic Inceptisol-like) are the most common, and there are relatively fewer, slightly elevated Inceptisol-like and Alfisol-like paleosols present as well. The more developed paleosols allow for a quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction. The Eocene-Oligocene transition is associated globally with the Oi-1 glaciation event. Some nonmarine sequences show long-term cooling and aridification associated with the glaciation. Reconstructed paleoclimatic conditions using Solent Group paleosols do not; instead, they reflect steady mean annual temperatures and gradually increasing...