Crystal structures together with physical properties under nonambient conditions are significant subjects in the effort to understand geophysical phenomena or solid-state physics. Miniature diamond anvil pressure cell (DAC) and multianvil high-pressure apparatus have become effective tools for the observation of pressure effects on crystalline materials, not only for X-ray diffraction measurements but also for physical property studies such as electrical conductivity and magnetism. These high-pressure studies have been made at high temperatures by electric resistance heater or laser and at low temperatures by cryostat.

For the last twenty years, synchrotron radiation facilities have accelerated the study of high-pressure crystallography because...