Mining of Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada has made the United States one of the leading gold producers in the world for almost four decades. These deposits constitute an endowment of ~255 Moz (7,931 tonnes) of gold, of which 89% occurs in four main clusters of deposits: the Carlin trend, Getchell, Cortez, and Jerritt Canyon. These four clusters share many characteristics, including (1) formation during a narrow time interval (42–34 Ma), (2) lithologic and structural controls to fluid flow and ore deposition, (3) geochemical signature of the ores, (4) hydrothermal alteration and ore paragenesis, (5) relatively low temperatures and...