Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics: Volume 1, Theory
Over the last two decades there have been significant advances in electromagnetic (EM) methods of exploration, as evidenced by the extensive research carried out at various companies, universities, and government research organizations; by the large number of papers published on the subject; and by the numerous workshops on various EM topics held in conjunction with the SEG Annual Meetings.
Early EM methods were largely designed by the Scandinavians and the Canadians for exploration under glaciated Precambrian shield conditions, where the resistivities of the host rock and overburden are generally high. They did not work well in areas with conductive overburden or host rock. The lack of sophistication in data gathering and processing severely limited their exploration depth. Moreover, early EM systems were relatively heavy, cumbersome, and slow in operation.
