Many prospective basins of the world are, or will soon become, “mature” in the exploration sense. Increasingly we must resort to nonconventional technology and techniques to uncover the remaining hydrocarbon reserves that are often found in complex or subtle traps. Multicomponent seismology-the use of concurrent, combined shear (S)- and compressional (P)-wave seismology-is gaining acceptance in the exploration community as one tool that can provide direct measurements of subsurface rock properties. These measurements can detect new hydrocarbon accumulations, and aid in the efficient and economic development of newly found or existing reservoirs by providing detailed maps of reservoir porosity, lithology, and pore fluid distributions.