The term karst, in use since the mid-18th century to describe the limestone plateau region adjacent to the Bay of Trieste in Slovenia and in Italy, refers to a collection of features of a natural landscape formed by dissolution of rock, most commonly carbonates, evaporites, and, less commonly, marbles and quartzites, by naturally occurring acidic fluids. Enclosed depressions, sinking streams, springs, and caves are common features of all karst landscapes, but weathering under different climatic regimes over varying geological time scales has produced a broad variety of karst landscapes that range from youthful mountainous situations characterized by steep topography...
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