3-D Structural Interpretation: Earth, Mind, and Machine

Three-dimensional geologic interpretation of surface and subsurface data requires integration and application of both geologic knowledge and spatial cognitive skills. Much surface geologic mapping still employs pen and paper techniques, but subsurface interpretation is usually accomplished using sophisticated visualization software. In both cases, successful interpreters use mental models that bridge internal and external forms of 3-D visualization to construct 3-D geologic interpretations. This AAPG Memoir 111 sets out to understand more about the convergence of geology, 3-D thinking, and software, which collectively provide the basis for truly effective interpretation strategies. It should appeal to all geologic interpreters, and especially those who investigate and teach interpretation skills.
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Table of Contents
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Learning from the 2013 3-D Interpretation Hedberg Conference: How Geoscientists See 3-DAuthor(s)Bob Krantz;Bob KrantzConcocoPhillips Geoscience and Reservoir Engineering Technology, 600 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, Texas 77079, U.S.A. (e-mail: bob.krantz@conocophillips.com)Search for other works by this author on:Carol Ormand;Carol OrmandScience Education Resource Center, Carleton College, One North College St., Northfield, Minnesota 55057, U.S.A. (e-mail: cormand@carleton.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Brett FreemanBrett FreemanBadley Geoscience Ltd., North Beck House, North Beck Ln., Hundleby, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 5NB, United Kingdom (e-mail: brett@badleys.co.uk)Search for other works by this author on:
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Training Spatial Skills in Geosciences: A Review of Tests and ToolsAuthor(s)Kristin M. Gagnier;Kristin M. GagnierScience of Learning Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, U.S.A. (e-mail: kristin.gagnier@jhu.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Thomas F. Shipley;Thomas F. ShipleyDepartment of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, U.S.A. (e-mail: tshipley@temple.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Basil Tikoff;Basil TikoffDepartment of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1215 W. Dayton St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. (e-mails: basil@geology.wisc.edu, bridget@wisc.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Bridget C. Garnier;Bridget C. GarnierDepartment of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1215 W. Dayton St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. (e-mails: basil@geology.wisc.edu, bridget@wisc.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Carol Ormand;Carol OrmandScience Education Resource Center, Carleton College, One North College St., Northfield, Minnesota 55057, U.S.A. (e-mail: cormand@carleton.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Kinnari Atit;Kinnari AtitDepartment of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, U.S.A. (e-mail: kinnari.atit@northwestern.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Ilyse ResnickIlyse ResnickSchool of Education, University of Delaware, 16 W. Main St., Newark, Delaware 19716, U.S.A. (e-mail: iresnick@udel.edu)Search for other works by this author on:
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Visual Metaphors in Structural Geology: A Means for Enhancing 3-D VisualizationAuthor(s)George H. Davis;George H. DavisDepartment of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 4th St., Tucson, Arizona 85718, U.S.A. (e-mail: gdavis@email.arizona.edu)Search for other works by this author on:David FischerDavid Fischer2148 E. Grant Rd., Tucson, Arizona 85719, U.S.A. (e-mail: farmall20@gmail.com)Search for other works by this author on:
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Visible Geology: Creative Online Tools for Teaching, Learning, and Communicating Geologic ConceptsAuthor(s)Rowan Cockett;Rowan CockettThe University of British Columbia, 2329 W. Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 (e-mail: rcockett@eos.ubc.ca)Search for other works by this author on:Tara Moran;Tara MoranStanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, U.S.A. (e-mail: tara@morallan.com)Search for other works by this author on:Adam PidliseckyAdam PidliseckyUniversity of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 (e-mail: adam.ucalgary@gmail.com)Search for other works by this author on:
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Spatial Skills in Expert Structural GeologistsAuthor(s)Margaret R. Tarampi;Margaret R. TarampiCenter for Spatial Studies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, U.S.A. (e-mail: margaret.tarampi@sagecenter.ucsb.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Kinnari Atit;Kinnari AtitDepartment of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, U.S.A. (e-mail: kinnari.atit@northwestern.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Heather L. Petcovic;Heather L. PetcovicDepartment of Geosciences and the Mallinson Institute for Science Education, Western Michigan University, 1903 W. Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, U.S.A. (e-mail: heather.petcovic@wmich.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Thomas F. Shipley;Thomas F. ShipleyDepartment of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, U.S.A. (e-mail: tshipley@temple.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Mary HegartyMary HegartyDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, U.S.A. (e-mail: mary.hegarty@psych.ucsb.edu)Search for other works by this author on:
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Structural Interpretation of Seismic Geologic Reality, Perspective, and 3-D ThinkingAuthor(s)Peter Boult;Peter BoultSANTOS Ltd., 60 Finders St., Adelaide, South Australia 5000 (e-mail: peter.boult@santos.com)Search for other works by this author on:Brett Freeman;Brett FreemanBadley Geoscience Ltd., North Beck House, North Beck Ln., Hundleby, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 5NB, United Kingdom (e-mails: graham@badleys.co.uk and brett@badleys.co.uk)Search for other works by this author on:Graham YieldingGraham YieldingBadley Geoscience Ltd., North Beck House, North Beck Ln., Hundleby, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 5NB, United Kingdom (e-mails: graham@badleys.co.uk and brett@badleys.co.uk)Search for other works by this author on:
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Subsurface Structural Interpretation: The Significance of 3-D Structural FrameworksAuthor(s)Bob Krantz;Bob KrantzConcocoPhillips Geoscience and Reservoir Engineering Technology, 600 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, Texas 77079, U.S.A. (e-mail: bob.krantz@conocophillips.com)Search for other works by this author on:Thomas NeelyThomas NeelyConocoPhillips Alaska, 700 G St., Anchorage, Alaska 99501, U.S.A. (e-mail: thomas.g.neely@conocophillips.com)Search for other works by this author on:
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Insight on Mechanical Stratigraphy and Subsurface InterpretationAuthor(s)Ronald N. McGinnis;Ronald N. McGinnisDepartment of Earth, Material, and Planetary Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, Texas 78238 U.S.A. (e-mail: rmcginnis@swri.org)Search for other works by this author on:David A. Ferrill;David A. FerrillDepartment of Earth, Material, and Planetary Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, Texas 78238 U.S.A. (e-mail: rmcginnis@swri.org)Search for other works by this author on:Alan P. Morris;Alan P. MorrisDepartment of Earth, Material, and Planetary Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, Texas 78238 U.S.A. (e-mail: rmcginnis@swri.org)Search for other works by this author on:Kevin J. SmartKevin J. SmartDepartment of Earth, Material, and Planetary Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, Texas 78238 U.S.A. (e-mail: rmcginnis@swri.org)Search for other works by this author on:
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Evolution of the Hat Creek Fault System, Northern CaliforniaAuthor(s)Simon A. Kattenhorn;Simon A. KattenhornConcocoPhillips Geoscience and Reservoir Engineering Technology, 600 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, Texas 77079, U.S.A. (e-mails: simon.a.kattenhorn@conocophillips.com and bob.krantz@conocophillips.com)Search for other works by this author on:Bob Krantz;Bob KrantzConcocoPhillips Geoscience and Reservoir Engineering Technology, 600 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, Texas 77079, U.S.A. (e-mails: simon.a.kattenhorn@conocophillips.com and bob.krantz@conocophillips.com)Search for other works by this author on:Erin L. Walker;Erin L. WalkerDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3022, Moscow, Idaho 83844, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Matthew W. BlakesleeMatthew W. BlakesleeDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3022, Moscow, Idaho 83844, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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3-D Seismic-Structural Workflows – Examples Using the Hat Creek Fault SystemAuthor(s)Graham Yielding;Graham YieldingBadley Geoscience Ltd., North Beck House, North Beck Ln., Hundleby, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 5NB, United Kingdom (e-mails: graham@badleys.co.uk and brett@badleys.co.uk)Search for other works by this author on:Brett FreemanBrett FreemanBadley Geoscience Ltd., North Beck House, North Beck Ln., Hundleby, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 5NB, United Kingdom (e-mails: graham@badleys.co.uk and brett@badleys.co.uk)Search for other works by this author on:
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Earth, Mind, and Paper: Field Sketches as Expert Representations of the Hat Creek Fault ZoneAuthor(s)Heather L. Petcovic;Heather L. PetcovicDepartment of Geosciences and the Mallinson Institute for Science Education, Western Michigan University, 1903 W. Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, U.S.A. (e-mail: heather.petcovic@wmich.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Carol J. Ormand;Carol J. OrmandScience Education Resource Center, Carleton College, One North College W-SERC, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, U.S.A. and Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 W. Dayton St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. (e-mail: cormand@carleton.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Bob KrantzBob KrantzConcocoPhillips Geoscience and Reservoir Engineering Technology, 600 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, Texas 77079, U.S.A. (e-mail: bob.krantz@conocophillips.com)Search for other works by this author on:
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Increasing Interpreter Capability in Structurally Complex Settings through Combined Fieldwork, Interpretation, and Geocellular ModelingAuthor(s)John G. Solum;John G. SolumShell Global Solutions International BV, Kessler Park 1, 2288 GS, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (e-mail: j.solum@shell.com)Search for other works by this author on:Stephen J. Jolley;Stephen J. JolleyShell Global Solutions International BV, Kessler Park 1, 2288 GS, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (e-mail: j.solum@shell.com)Search for other works by this author on:Benjamin D. MeyerBenjamin D. MeyerScarabus Geological Consulting Ltd., 35 Ballards Ln., London, N3 1XW, United KingdomSearch for other works by this author on:
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Linking Cognitive Science and Disciplinary Geoscience Practice: The Importance of the Conceptual ModelAuthor(s)Thomas F. Shipley;Thomas F. ShipleyDepartment of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, U.S.A. (e-mail: tshipley@temple.edu)Search for other works by this author on:Basil TikoffBasil TikoffDepartment of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1215 W. Dayton St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. (e-mails: basil@geology.wisc.edu)Search for other works by this author on: