Seismic Interpretation of Contractional Fault-Related Folds

This AAPG Seismic Atlas serves as an instructional guide and resource for the interpretation of complex structures imaged in seismic reflection profiles using quantitative fault-related folding theories. The emphasis is on contractional fault-related folds, including fault-bend folds, fault-propagation folds, detachment folds, shear fault-bend folds, imbricate thrust systems, and structural wedges. These types of structures form the majority of the large hydrocarbon traps in both orogenic and passive-margin fold and thrust belts worldwide. The Atlas is divided into two complimentary parts. The first section illustrates the application of fault-related folding theories to many well-imaged seismic examples by way of step-by-step interpretations and ubiquitous models. A compilation of 25 case studies from petroleum basins around the world comprises the second section of the Atlas. The volume is intended to assist E&P professionals involved in seismic interpretation for the purposes of trap delineation and reservoir characterization, to aid those who evaluate structural interpretations in order to assign and reduce drilling risks, and to serve as a manual for anyone interested in applying the theories of fault-related folding to seismic interpretation.
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Table of Contents
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Structural Interpretation Methods
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Defining Structural Geometry
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Classes of Fault-related Folds
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Case Studies
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Fault-Bend Folding
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2-1: Pitas Point Anticline, California, U.S.A.Author(s)John H. Shaw;John H. ShawDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Stephen C. Hook;Stephen C. HookTexaco Inc., Houston, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:John SuppeJohn SuppeDepartment of Geological and Geophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-4: El Furrial Field cross section, Eastern Basin, VenezuelaAuthor(s)Enrique Novoa;Enrique NovoaDepartamento de Analisis Exploratorio Integrado, Gerencia de Exploracion y Produccion, PDVSA-INTEVEP, VenezuelaSearch for other works by this author on:László Benkovics;László BenkovicsDepartamento de Analisis Exploratorio Integrado, Gerencia de Exploracion y Produccion, PDVSA-INTEVEP, VenezuelaSearch for other works by this author on:Claudia Fintina;Claudia FintinaDepartamento de Analisis Exploratorio Integrado, Gerencia de Exploracion y Produccion, PDVSA-INTEVEP, VenezuelaSearch for other works by this author on:Javier De MenaJavier De MenaDepartamento de Delineacion y Caracterizacion de Yacimientos, Gerencia de Exploracion y Produccion, PDVSA-INTEVEP, VenezuelaSearch for other works by this author on:
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2-5: Rosario Field, Maracaibo Basin, VenezuelaAuthor(s)Ted Apotria;Ted ApotriaExxonMobil Development Company, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:M. Scott WilkersonM. Scott WilkersonDepartment of Geology and Geography, DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-6: Medina Anticline, Eastern Cordillera, ColombiaAuthor(s)Mark G. Rowan;Mark G. RowanRowan Consulting, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Roberto LinaresRoberto LinaresEcopetrol, Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo, Piedecuesta, Santander, ColombiaSearch for other works by this author on:
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2-7: Three-dimensional interpretation of the El Furrial Trend, Eastern Venezuela Basin, VenezuelaAuthor(s)Richard BischkeRichard BischkeSubsurface Consultants & Associates, LLC., Houston, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-8: Shear fault-bend fold, Deep-Water Niger DeltaAuthor(s)Freddy Corredor;Freddy CorredorDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:John H. Shaw;John H. ShawDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:John SuppeJohn SuppeDepartment of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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Fault-Propagation Folds
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2-9: Basil anticline, Northern Apennines, ItalyAuthor(s)Fabrizio Storti;Fabrizio StortiDipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi “Roma Tre,” Roma, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Stefano Tavani;Stefano TavaniDipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi “Roma Tre,” Roma, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Saverio Merlini;Saverio MerliniENI/Agip Division, San Donato Milanese, Milano, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Alessandro Mosconi;Alessandro MosconiENI/Agip Division, San Donato Milanese, Milano, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Francesco SalviniFrancesco SalviniDipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi “Roma Tre,” Roma, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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2-10: Salt weld detached fault-propagation foldsAuthor(s)Richard Redhead;Richard RedheadUnocal, Sugar Land, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-11: Structural inversion along the Sakala Fault, East Java Sea, IndonesiaAuthor(s)Shankar MitraShankar MitraUniversity of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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Detachment Folds
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2-12: Detachment fold, Niger DeltaAuthor(s)Frank Bilotti;Frank BilottiTexaco, Bellaire, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:John H. Shaw;John H. ShawDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Ronald M. Cupich;Ronald M. CupichTexaco, Bellaire, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Roisin M. LakingsRoisin M. LakingsTexaco, Bellaire, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-13: Mississippi Fan Fold Belt, Gulf of MexicoAuthor(s)Mark G. Rowan;Mark G. RowanRowan Consulting, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Frank J. PeelFrank J. PeelBHP Billiton Petroleum, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-14: Yakeng detachment fold, South Tianshan, ChinaAuthor(s)Aurélia Hubert-Ferrari;Aurélia Hubert-FerrariInstitut de Géologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:John Suppe;John SuppeDepartment of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Xin Wang;Xin WangDepartment of Geosciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaSearch for other works by this author on:Chengzao JiaChengzao JiaPetroChina, Beijing, ChinaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Imbricate, Wedge, and Interference Structures
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2-15: Odd geologic structures of southern Oklahoma revisited, Oklahoma, U.S.A.Author(s)Paul GenovesePaul GenoveseGrizzly Energy Resources, LLC., Columbia Falls, Montana, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-16: Fault-bend folds in the southern Caribbean Ranges, San Carlos, VenezuelaAuthor(s)P. E. Kraemer;P. E. KraemerPecom Energia, S.A., Neuquen, ArgentinaSearch for other works by this author on:J. SilvestroJ. SilvestroPecom Energia, S.A., Neuquen, ArgentinaSearch for other works by this author on:
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2-17: Quirk Creek anticline, Alberta, CanadaAuthor(s)Steven LingreySteven LingreyExxonMobil Upstream Research Co., Houston, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-18: Imbricate fault-related folding, South Caribbean Basin, ColombiaAuthor(s)Freddy Corredor;Freddy CorredorDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Tomas Villamil1;Tomas Villamil1Exploration Vice-President, Ecopetrol, Bogotá, Colombia 1 Present address: Lukoil Overseas Colombia, Ltd., Bogotá, D.C., ColombiaSearch for other works by this author on:John H. ShawJohn H. ShawDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-19: Oligocene fold belt, western Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A.Author(s)Thomas W. Bjerstedt1Thomas W. Bjerstedt1ChevronTexaco Exploration, Bellaire, Texas, U.S.A. 1Present address: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-20: Edge-Sigsbee Folds, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A.Author(s)Sharon L. Moate3Sharon L. Moate3ChevronTexaco, Bellaire, Texas, U.S.A. 1Present address: BHP Billiton, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.; 2Present address: Texaco Minerals Management Service, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A; 3Present address: Consultant, Bellaire, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-21: Fault–related folding in reactivated offshore basins, CaliforniaAuthor(s)John H. ShawJohn H. ShawDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-22: Coalinga anticline, San Joaquin basin, California, U.S.A.Author(s)Chris A. Guzofski;Chris A. GuzofskiDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:John H. ShawJohn H. ShawDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-23: Wedge structure, Nias Basin, Sumatra, IndonesiaAuthor(s)Peter A. Brennan;Peter A. BrennanTellumetrics LLC, Sugar Land, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:John H. ShawJohn H. ShawDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-24: Interference Structure, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A.Author(s)Rion H. Camerlo;Rion H. CamerloChevronTexaco, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Thomas W. Bjerstedt;Thomas W. BjerstedtMinerals Management Service, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:Edward F. BensonEdward F. BensonNuTec Energy Services, Stafford, Texas, U.S.A.Search for other works by this author on:
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2-25: End members of gravitational fold and thrust belts (GFTBs) in the deep waters of BrazilAuthor(s)Pedro Victor ZalánPedro Victor ZalánPETROBRAS/E&P/E&P-CORP/TSP, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilSearch for other works by this author on:
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